Four‐Terminal Perovskite on Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Optimal Measurement Schemes

Abstract

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (SCs) and their potential integration with silicon SCs in tandem configurations attract significantly increasing interest in the photovoltaics community. In addition to being highly spectrally complementary, these perovskite and silicon SCs have very different optimal‐performing sizes and consequently ideal measurement schemes for their integration in four‐terminal (4T) tandem configurations need to be investigated in detail. Herein, the effect of different active areas on both perovskite and silicon SCs on their photovoltaic performances is investigated. Furthermore, the commonly used filtering 4T tandem measurement scheme (named as filtered) is systematically compared with the size‐matching scheme (named as masked) demonstrating that when using the same top semitransparent perovskite and bottom silicon SCs in different measurements schemes, the total 4T tandem power conversion efficiency (PCE) can differ by more than 1%. The concepts presented here highlight the importance of optimal measurement schemes to assess 4T tandem PCE and rationalize the effect of compromise between the subcells size matching and the identification of the maximum PCE potential.

2D/3D Heterostructure for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Engineered Bandgap Enables Efficiencies Exceeding 25% in Four‐Terminal Tandems with Silicon and CIGS

“…It should be noted, that the c‐Si bottom solar cell suffered from perimeter losses due to the fact that we used a relatively small aperture mask for the measurements (see Experimental Section for all details), and would have a ≈2% absolute higher efficiency under 1 sun illumination with a fitting mask. [ 105 ] The optical properties (transmission and homogeneity) of the perovskite filters are very similar to that of the small‐area semitransparent PSCs which allows us to use this method for estimating the achievable 4T tandem PCEs. In Figure 3b we show the stabilized PCEs of the top semitransparent PSCs (aperture area 5.6 mm 2 ), the filtered bottom c‐Si (aperture area 165 mm 2 ) and CIGS (designated area 50 mm 2 ) solar cells and that of the corresponding tandem solar cells (calculated by the addition of top and filtered bottom stabilized PCEs) for all investigated bandgaps.…”

Excellent Intrinsic Long‐Term Thermal Stability of Co‐Evaporated MAPbI3 Solar Cells at 85 °C

“…This high‐temperature stability is in net contrast with the behaviors observed in PSCs with similar device architecture employing both spin‐coated MAPbI 3 (SC_MAPbI 3 ) PSCs [ 25,52 ] and even the more stable multi‐cation perovskite as Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 (SC_FAMACs) PSCs. [ 53,54 ] These findings prove that perovskite thermal stability can be enhanced by proper control of the perovskite growth process as an alternative route of composition engineering. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that long thermal stability at 85 °C has been demonstrated for un‐encapsulated pure MAPbI 3 PSCs.…”

Strategy for large‐scale monolithic Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cell: A review of recent progress

“…Dewi et al compared the previously reported filtered-based measurement method with a size matching scheme using a mask and mentioned the importance of optimal measurement schemes. 50 In the case of 4T PVK/Si tandem solar cells measured by this analysis method the efficiencies, 24.7% and 23.5%, respectively, showed a difference of approximately 1%.…”

“…A Cs 0.05 FA 0.8 MA 0.15 PbI 2.55 Br 0.45 based PVK top cell of PIN structure was placed on top of the TOPCon bottom cell to make a 4T PVK/Si tandem solar cell and reported an efficiency of 26.7%. Dewi et al compared the previously reported filtered‐based measurement method with a size matching scheme using a mask and mentioned the importance of optimal measurement schemes 50 . In the case of 4T PVK/Si tandem solar cells measured by this analysis method the efficiencies, 24.7% and 23.5%, respectively, showed a difference of approximately 1%.…”