Although small-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), their scalability still represents one of the major limits toward their industrialization. For the first time, we prove that PSCs fabricated by thermal co-evaporation show excellent scalability. Indeed, our strategy based on material and device engineering allowed us to achieve the PCEs as high as 20.28% and 19.0% for 0.1 and 1 cm 2 PSCs and the record PCE value of 18.13% for a 21 cm 2 mini-module.

Strong light-matter coupling manifested by Rabi splitting has attracted tremendous attention due to its fundamental importance in cavity quantum-electrodynamics research and great potentials in quantum information applications. A prerequisite for practical applications of the strong coupling in future optoelectronic devices is an all-solid-state system exhibiting room-temperature Rabi splitting with active control. Here we realized such a system in heterostructure consisted of monolayer WS and an individual plasmonic gold nanorod. By taking advantages of the small mode volume of the nanorod and large transition dipole moment of the WS exciton, giant Rabi splitting energies of 91-133 meV can be achieved at ambient conditions, which only involve a small number of excitons. The strong light-matter coupling can be dynamically tuned either by electrostatic gating or temperature scanning. These findings can pave the way toward active nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature.

Long-term stability is an essential requirement for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to be commercially viable. Heterojunctions built by low-dimensional and three-dimensional perovskites (1D/3D or 2D/3D) help to improve the stability...

BHJ) structure. [ 9 ] The BHJ requires delicate tailoring of n-and p-particles in order to avoid the electronic short-circuit problem and make fuel cell function properly. [ 9 ] Hereby, we introduce the different Schottky junction type FC confi guration by means of combined nano and composite approach that is even simpler and more effective than EFFC.In a Schottky junction (SJ) FC device, a potential can be built up simply at the interface between a metal and an n-or p-type semiconductor, which is also termed as the Schottky barrier. [ 10 ] Based on this principle and making use of the depletion layer formed between the metal and the semiconductor, different types of Schottky junction devices have been demonstrated, such as solar cells and sensors. [11][12][13][14][15][16] One well-known function of SJ is to separate electrons/holes pairs by building up internal device voltage. Moreover, it has been reported that a Schottky junction formed between mesoporous n-TiO 2 semiconductor thin fi lm and a thin metal layer (such as Pt, Cu, Co, etc.) at anode/catalysts can effectively enhance the decomposition of aqueous biomass fuel solutions in combination with an O 2 -reducing cathode in a direct biomass fuel cell. [ 17,18 ] In this paper, we show that a SJ can be applied to ceramic FCs by using a composite of ionic and semiconducting materials to combine both semiconducting and ionic transporting properties, resulting in Schottky junction FC devices.Electrochemical reactions converting fuels, e.g., hydrogen into electricity through a FC is, to a high degree, affected by the quality of the ion-conducting electrolyte, which separates the anode and cathode to avoid short-circuit, [19][20][21] and brings about complex three-component (anode/electrolyte/cathode) confi guration as well. [ 22 ] The principle of SJ FC, based on a metal-semiconductor confi guration, is illustrated in Figure 1 . Different from the conventional FC device, i.e., instead of utilizing the electrolyte separator, the built-in fi eld and the barrier of the SJ serves the function of blocking electrons or holes from crossing the metal/semiconductor interface to the opposite side, resulting in no short-circuit of the device. The metal/ p-type semiconductor junction is favored because the builtin fi eld is directed from the metal surface to the p-type material, which can facilitate the ion transportation of H + (or O 2− ) crossing the metal/semiconductor-ionic material interface through ionic conductor at the same time, as shown in Figure 1 with corresponding energy band diagram schemes.The SJ FC was constructed from a hybrid oxygen-protonconducting material Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 -Na 2 CO 3 (NSDC) [ 23 ] and p-type semiconducting materials Co-Li codoped NiO (LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2-δ , LCN for short), [ 24,25 ] in a weight ratio of 60:40 forming a composite (NSDC-LCN) ( Figure S1,The fi rst fuel cell (FC) invented by Grove in 1839 [ 1 ] was an electrochemical device by using a confi guration comprised of an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode. Building on this...

In this manuscript, we propose a novel framework of computational ghost imaging, i.e., ghost imaging using deep learning (GIDL). With a set of images reconstructed using traditional GI and the corresponding ground-truth counterparts, a deep neural network was trained so that it can learn the sensing model and increase the quality image reconstruction. Moreover, detailed comparisons between the image reconstructed using deep learning and compressive sensing shows that the proposed GIDL has a much better performance in extremely low sampling rate. Numerical simulations and optical experiments were carried out for the demonstration of the proposed GIDL.

As an important energy-saving technique, white-light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) have been seeking for low-cost and environment-friendly substitutes for rare-earth-based expensive phosphors or Pd(2+)/Cd(2+)-based toxic quantum dots (QDs). In this work, precursors and chemical processes were elaborately designed to synthesize intercrossed carbon nanorings (IC-CNRs) with relatively pure hydroxy surface states for the first time, which enable them to overcome the aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) effect, and to emit stable yellow-orange luminescence in both colloidal and solid states. As a direct benefit of such scarce solid luminescence from carbon nanomaterials, W-LEDs with color coordinate at (0.28, 0.27), which is close to pure white light (0.33, 0.33), were achieved through using these low-temperature-synthesized and toxic ion-free IC-CNRs as solid phosphors on blue LED chips. This work demonstrates that the design of surface states plays a crucial role in exploring new functions of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials.

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