Four Reasons to Consider a Novel Class of Innate Immune Molecules in the Oral Epithelium

LeClair, Elizabeth E.

doi:10.1177/154405910308201202

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The study showed that NOR1 protein is enriched in upper airway, similar to the expression patterns of NESG1 (nasopharyngeal epithelium-specific gene 1) and PLUNC (Palate lung and nasal epithelium clone protein) family, which was reported as nasopahryngeal specific genes [26,27]. The upper respiratory tract are all exposed to the external environment and, as a result, they can easily be stimulated by physical or chemical irritants and potentially pathogenic organisms [28,29]. There is much evidence that showed that exposure to nitroso compound is risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [2 -4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Preparation of polyclonal antibody specific for NOR1 and detection of its expression pattern in human tissues and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Xiang¹,

Man²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

ABBS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Preparation of polyclonal antibody specific for NOR1 and detection of its expression pattern in human tissues and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Xiang¹,

Man²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

ABBS

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“…The upper respiratory tract, eyes, and alimentary tract are all exposed to the external environment and, as a result, they can easily be stimulated by potentially pathogenic organisms and other physical or chemical irritants (LeClair 2003;LeClair et al 2004). The epithelial can secrete many kinds of materials to protect itself from damage (Tomas 2004;Becker 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence and homology analyses suggest that SPLUNC1 is a member of the BPI/LBP family, with putative bactericidal/bacteriostatic function. Proteomics studies indicate that SPLUNC1 protein might be involved in irritant/inflammatory responses of the upper airways (Bingle and Craven 2002;LeClair 2003), the full-length SPLUNC1 protein was found to be structurally related to bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) (Guyard-Dangremont et al 1999;Mulero et al 2002;Zhou et al 2004). BPI and LBP were the bactericidal protein and have the function of neutralizing the endotoxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tissue distribution of the secretory protein, SPLUNC1, in the human fetus

Zhou

Fan

Zhao

et al. 2005

Histochem Cell Biol

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We previously identified a tissue-specific gene, short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1), in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. SPLUNC1 was differentially expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPLUNC1 has the bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lipid-binding protein (BPI/LBP) domain and a 19 amino acid signal peptide, which suggest that it is a secretory protein. Its precise cellular localization in the respiratory tract is mainly in mucous cells and ducts of submucosal glands. However, little is known about its expression pattern in various human tissues. We generated a highly specific antibody and analyzed its distribution in the human fetus by immunohistochemistry to more precisely determine SPLUNC1 protein localization in human tissues. The results were further validated by RT-PCR. Our results showed that SPLUNC1 protein is expressed at not only the serous glands and epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract, but also in the oculi of human embryos. Interestingly, we also found positive staining in fetus adipose tissue, a result not previously reported in studies of adult human tissues. Western blot analysis detected a 24 kDa SPLUNC1 protein in the compounds of nasopharyngeal secretions. This secretory protein was also detected in saliva and tears. Our research suggests that SPLUNC1 protein may not only be an antimicrobial peptide that plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the upper respiratory tract, oculi, and alimentary tract, it may also be important in the development and lipid metabolism of the adipose tissue.

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“…Based on protein size, they are categorized into short (25 kDa) and long (50 kDa) PLUNCs (6,24). Due to its structural homology to bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) protein, SPLUNC1 has been predicted to have the host defense activity (27). Previous studies have identified BPI protein as an important mediator in killing Gram-negative bacteria and inhibiting LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function and Regulation of SPLUNC1 Protein in Mycoplasma Infection and Allergic Inflammation

Chu¹,

Thaikoottathil²,

Rino³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

119

150

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Respiratory infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), contribute to asthma pathobiology. To date, the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of asthmatics to airway Mp infection remain unclear. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein is a recently described large airway epithelial cell-derived molecule that was predicted to exert host defense activities. However, SPLUNC1 function and regulation in an infectious or allergic milieu are still unknown. We determined host defense and anti-inflammatory functions of SPLUNC1 protein in Mp infection and the regulation of SPLUNC1 by Mp and allergic inflammation (e.g., IL-13). SPLUNC1 function was examined in Mp or human airway epithelial cell cultures by using SPLUNC1 recombinant protein, overexpression and RNA interference. Human and mouse bronchial epithelial SPLUNC1 was examined using immunostaining, Western blotting, ELISA, laser capture microdissection, and real-time PCR. Mouse models of Mp infection and allergic inflammation and air-liquid interface cultures of normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells were used to study SPLUNC1 regulation by Mp and IL-13. We found that: 1) SPLUNC1 protein decreased Mp levels and inhibited epithelial IL-8 production induced by Mp-derived lipoproteins; 2) normal human and mouse large airway epithelial cells expressed high levels of SPLUNC1; and 3) although Mp infection increased SPLUNC1, IL-13 significantly decreased SPLUNC1 expression and Mp clearance. Our results suggest that SPLUNC1 serves as a novel host defense protein against Mp and that an allergic setting markedly reduces SPLUNC1 expression, which may in part contribute to the persistent nature of bacterial infections in allergic airways.

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Four Reasons to Consider a Novel Class of Innate Immune Molecules in the Oral Epithelium

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Preparation of polyclonal antibody specific for NOR1 and detection of its expression pattern in human tissues and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Preparation of polyclonal antibody specific for NOR1 and detection of its expression pattern in human tissues and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Tissue distribution of the secretory protein, SPLUNC1, in the human fetus

Function and Regulation of SPLUNC1 Protein in Mycoplasma Infection and Allergic Inflammation

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