Four new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the spotted skate, Raja straeleni Poll, off the Western Cape, South Africa

Spuy, Linda Van Der; Smit, Nico J.; Schaeffner, Bjoern C.

doi:10.14411/fp.2020.036

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…in smaller metrical features (i.e. total length, scolex length, scolex width, bothridium width, lateral hooks, medial hooks, cephalic peduncle width, cirrus-sac length, poral and aporal ovarian length, ovarian width; see Van Der Spuy et al, 2020 ), while A. bobconniorum , A. crassus , A. dolichocollum and A. popi differ from A. ulondolozus n. sp. in the following features: smaller lateral hooks ( A <60 μm vs 60–75 μm, B < 120 μm vs 154–160 μm, C < 100 μm vs 131–144 μm, D < 175 μm vs 212–220 μm, respectively), smaller medial hooks ( A’ <60 μm vs 62–73 μm, B’ <119 μm vs 144–165 μm, C’ <108 μm vs 121–144 μm, D ’ <175 μm vs 203–211 μm, respectively), a shorter terminal proglottid (<1320 μm vs 1663–2134 μm, respectively), a narrower terminal proglottid (<260 μm vs 284–356 μm, respectively), a shorter cirrus-sac (<152 μm vs 171–232 μm, respectively) and smaller testes (<50 μm vs 50–61 μm, respectively).…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the description of four new species of Acanthobothrium by Van Der Spuy et al (2020) , a total of 207 valid species of Acanthobothrium are currently recognised worldwide. Ghoshroy and Caira (2001) developed a category classification system that facilitates the differentiation between congeners.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…represents the third species of Acanthobothrium and the seventh cestode record from this host. In southern Africa, only four species of Acanthobothrium are currently known ( Van Der Spuy et al, 2020 ). Including A. umbungus n.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the remaining 16 species of Acanthobothrium known to bear this feature, only six are identified as category 2 species, namely A. bobconniorum , A. crassus , A. dolichocollum , A. microhabentes , A. microtenuis , and A. popi . Acanthobothrium microhabentes and A. microtenuis were only recently described from the same biogeographical region by Van Der Spuy et al (2020) . However, both species differ from A. ulondolozus n. sp.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helminths such as cestodes have co-evolved with their elasmobranch hosts for millions of years (see for instance Dentzien-Dias et al, 2013 ), thereby creating unique and very intimate host-parasite interrelationships ( Caira and Jensen, 2001 , 2014 ). Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea II, sensu Caira and Jensen, 2017 ) is reported to be the most species-rich tapeworm genus known to infect elasmobranchs ( Maleki et al, 2015 ; Caira and Jensen, 2017 ), currently consisting of 207 valid species ( Caira and Jensen, 2017 ; Zaragoza-Tapia et al, 2019 , 2020b ; Van Der Spuy et al, 2020 ). Albeit already being an extremely diverse genus, Caira and Jensen (2017) state that an estimated 800 additional species of Acanthobothrium await future discovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threatened, host-specific affiliates of a red-listed host: Three new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the endangered white skate, Rostroraja alba (Lacépède)

Spuy

Smit

Schaeffner

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The white skate, Rostroraja alba (Lacépède), is listed as an endangered species, the second-highest category before being declared extinct in the wild, in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This species is heavily affected by anthropogenic impacts such as capture induced stress by overfishing and by-catch, habitat degradation and pollution that caused a drastic decline in populations in recent years. As part of a larger study on elasmobranch affiliates in southern Africa, two specimens of R. alba were screened. Three species of the tapeworm genus Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) were discovered. Application of Ghoshroy and Caira's classification system facilitated the differentiation of congeners through a combination of specific morphological characteristics. As a consequence, three species new to science are described herein, namely Acanthobothrium umbungus n. sp., Acanthobothrium usengozinius n. sp., and Acanthobothrium ulondolozus n. sp. In light of these new discoveries from an endangered host, it is apparent to address the conservation status of its affiliate species, that co-evolved with their elasmobranch hosts for millions of years, thereby creating unique and intimate host-parasite interrelationships. Currently, altering environmental conditions caused by anthropogenic pressures have direct impacts on this host-parasite system with increasing risks of extinction. As merely 9% of elasmobranchs in South African waters have been examined for endohelminths and other affiliate taxa, extensive studies on these organisms and their hosts implementing multisource approaches are needed. This will provide a better understanding on the intimate nature of host-parasite systems that may lead to new prospects in conservation science and the preservation of threatened host species, such as R. alba , together with their unique fauna of affiliate species.

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Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threatened, host-specific affiliates of a red-listed host: Three new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the endangered white skate, Rostroraja alba (Lacépède)

Spuy

Smit

Schaeffner

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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A new species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes) off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

et al. 2022

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The extreme sparsity of collection efforts in many parts of the word, including southern Africa, leaves a vast hidden diversity of marine cestode species, such as species of Phoreiobothrium. The investigation of a common South African coastal-pelagic species, the spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes) resulted in the discovery of a new species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889. Phoreiobothrium martini n. sp. is undoubtedly different from all other congeners in several morphological characteristics, however, it is most easily distinguished from other species by the size of its hooks.Furthermore, this species is peculiar in the sense of its microthrix pattern. It only possesses litriches on its proximal bothridial surface. Additionally, P. martini n. sp. also displays a scarcity of gladiate spinitriches on its cephalic peduncle. This has not been recorded in any other congener within this genus and could resemble a new, generic characteristic. The addition of P. martini n. sp. increases the total number of valid species of Phoreiobothrium to 18 worldwide. Furthermore, P. martini n. sp. marks the description of representatives of only the second onchoproteocephalidean genus from southern Africa, therefore expanding the generic biogeographical representation and introducing new host associations.Apart from the description of this new species of cestode, the discovery of P. martini n. sp. as well as additional species of Phoreiobothrium is bene cial regarding future ecological investigations. With the high degree of host-speci city found amongst species of Phoreiobothrium, species such as P. martini n. sp. could be used as sentinel species for the accurate identi cation, separation and diagnosis of commonly misidenti ed shark species, such as C. brevipinna and C. limbatus (Valenciennes).host species (Caira et al. 2017; Alijanpour Darvishsi & Haseli 2019). Species of Phoreiobothrium are known to explicitly parasitise sharks, with the majority (11/17) infecting sharks of the family Carcharhinidae, whilst the remainder (6/17) infect sharks from the family Sphyrnidae Caira et al. 2021). Information regarding the life-cycles of cestodes belonging to this genus is however still insu cient (Caira & Reyda 2005;Jensen 2005). This is due to the fact that these cestodes often mature in their relevant elasmobranch hosts species (Jensen & Bullard 2010). Larval Phoreiobothrium found to parasitise the intermediate hosts, such as teleost shes, do not resemble the morphology of their adult stages (Caira & Reyda 2005;Jensen & Bullard 2010). Consequently, larval cestodes of this genus cannot accurately be assigned to species-level without the aid of molecular sequence data.Given that the de nitive hosts of the 17 currently accepted species of Phoreiobothrium only represent 21% (11/52) of recognised carcharhinid and 66% (6/9) of sphyrnid shark species (Froese & Pauly 2021;Caira et al. 2021), several species await scienti c discovery. There are also sparse collection efforts of speci c hosts for parasitic research in many part...

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Morphological updates, host-specificity, molecular data and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthobothrium coronatum (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea), a neglected parasite of the nursehound Scyliorhinus stellaris

Santoro

Crocetta

Palomba

2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Four new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the spotted skate, Raja straeleni Poll, off the Western Cape, South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Threatened, host-specific affiliates of a red-listed host: Three new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the endangered white skate, Rostroraja alba (Lacépède)

Threatened, host-specific affiliates of a red-listed host: Three new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the endangered white skate, Rostroraja alba (Lacépède)

A new species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes) off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Morphological updates, host-specificity, molecular data and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthobothrium coronatum (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea), a neglected parasite of the nursehound Scyliorhinus stellaris

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