Four new genotypes of adenovirus type 3 isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Japan

Abstract

Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) was the most frequently isolated serotype from patients with conjunctivitis during the period from 1989 to 1991 in Japan. All Ad3 strains isolated in 1990 had an identical genotype, Ad3f. However, in 1992, the predominant serotype was replaced by Ad4. The genome type was examined to determine whether genetic changes existed in Ad3 isolates in 1992. Ad3 isolated from 55 patients with acute conjunctivitis during the period from June 1992 to February 1993 in Japan was assessed by genome typing with restriction endonucleases BamH I, Bgl II, Hind III, and Sma I recognizing 6-base-pair sequences. The emergence of four new genotypes of Ad3 was identified; one with a new Bam HI site (one isolate), one with a new Bgl II site (two isolates), one with a new Hind III site (three isolates) and one with a new Sma I site (two isolates). This study demonstrates that the emergence of a new genotype of Ad3 may contribute to the replacement of the predominant serotype associated with adenovirus conjunctivitis in Japan.

Five New Genome Types of Adenovirus Type 37 Caused Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in Sapporo, Japan, for More Than 10 Years

“…First, many more genome types were observed during our 12-year study than were observed in the previous reports (2, 13, 14, 21, 22, 26), and the genome types in our study appeared to be closely related to each other. Second, the hexon and fiber sequences changed in conjunction with alternations in the genome type, and significant transitions in genome types were observed for HAdV-37, as with other serotypes (1,10,15,16,20).…”

“…Since 1989, however, very few reports about HAdV-37 genome types have appeared. In other serotypes, genome type analysis and long-term surveillance have been actively pursued (1,10,15,16,20). The resulting reports suggested an association between clinical epidemiology and changes in genome types.…”

Genome Type Analysis of Adenovirus Types 3 and 7 Isolated during Successive Outbreaks of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

“…In the report of Itakura et al, the genome types of Ad3 isolated during two consecutive epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis were different (12). Itoh et al suggested that the emergence of new Ad3 genome types may contribute to the replacement of prior adenovirus serotypes associated with conjunctivitis (13). The nationwide epidemic of Ad7 in Japan in 1995 to 1998 occurred with the emergence of Ad7d2 in a setting of lowgrade activity of Ad7d during the preceding years (23).…”

Emergent US adenovirus 3 strains associated with an epidemic and serious disease

“…Gel banding patterns were analyzed with Quantity One version 4.3.1 software (Bio Rad, Hercules, CA) with Gel Doc transillumination. Resultant banding profiles were then compared to data from previously published HAdV3 characterizations 1,10,11…”

“…HAdVs also cause conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, and occasionally encephalitis 1. HAdV infections may be particularly severe among young children and the immunocompromised.…”