Genome Type Analysis of Adenovirus Types 3 and 7 Isolated during Successive Outbreaks of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Abstract

Adenovirus is an important cause of respiratory infections in infants and children. Fifty-one serotypes have been identified, and adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) and Ad7 have often been associated with outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infections. Each serotype can be further divided into genome types based on the patterns of digestion of their DNAs with restriction enzymes. DNA restriction analysis was performed with 56 strains of Ad3 and 98 strains of Ad7 by using 12 restriction enzymes recognizing 6 bp (BamHI, BclI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, and XhoI). The virus strains were isolated during outbreaks of lower respiratory tract infections in children during an 11-year period from 1990 to 2000 in Seoul, Korea. Among the Ad3 strains, seven genome types were identified; Ad3a and six novel types (Ad3a13, Ad3a14, Ad3a15, Ad3a16, Ad3a17, and Ad3a18). Multiple genome types cocirculated during outbreaks, and some of these were isolated during the 11-year observation period, while others were restricted to particular outbreaks. For Ad7, two genome types, Ad7d and Ad7l, the latter of which is a novel genome type, were identified. A shift in genome types occurred from Ad7d to Ad7l during successive outbreaks. Mortality was 3.6% among children with Ad3 infections and 18% among children infected with either of the Ad7 genome types. In conclusion, the data confirm that Ad3 genome types are more diverse than those of Ad7 and suggest that shifts of genome types may occur during successive outbreaks of Ad3 and Ad7.

Molecular Diagnosis of Human Adenovirus in Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

“…This represented the highest significant difference with other age groups (X 2 =10.436, P<0.01). Again results of our study showed that most patients with HAdV infection were younger than 5 years (85.5%), which is a similar value were obtained in previous studies [32][33][34]. The result of the present study indicates that HAdVs infections acquisition are significantly depended on children age, while 36% were found in children aged ≤ 6 years.…”

PCR Analysis of Egyptian Respiratory Adenovirus Isolates, Including Identification of Species, Serotypes, and Coinfections

“…These distinctions correlate strongly with antigenicity, clinical presentation, and epidemiological character (30), and the same groups are similarly clustered on the basis of genetic homology (11). Under most circumstances, the clinically important Ad species are those associated with febrile respiratory disease (AdB1, AdC, and AdE) since these can cause widespread outbreaks with severe clinical presentations, including viral pneumonia and death (17,20,25,29).…”

“…These two serotypes are often responsible for the most severe respiratory symptomologies associated with adenoviral infection (12,16). Outbreaks of Ad3 and Ad7 occur worldwide and have been documented in Japan (20), Korea (13), the United Kingdom (7), the United States (4, 9), South America (17), China (21), and elsewhere. AdB also includes the less common serotypes 11,14,16,21,34, and 35, all of which have been, at least occasionally, associated with respiratory disease (4,9,28).…”

A New Human DSG2-Transgenic Mouse Model for Studying the Tropism and Pathology of Human Adenoviruses

“…For example, after cough and shortness of breath, the main symptoms associated with HAdV-B14p1 infection in a recent community outbreak in Oregon were vomiting and diarrhea (44). There are several reports from different Asian countries that HAdV-B3 infection in children is associated with acute gastroenteritis (10,33,37,45,46).…”