Four-Junction Wafer-Bonded Concentrator Solar Cells

Dimroth, Frank; Tibbits, T.N.D.; Niemeyer, M.; Predan, Felix; Beutel, Paul; Karcher, Christian; Oliva, E.; Siefer, Gerald; David, Laurent; Fus-Kailuweit, Peter; Bett, Andreas W.; Krause, R.; Drazek, Charlotte; Guiot, Eric; Wasselin, Jocelyne; Tauzin, A.; Signamarcheix, T.

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2015.2501729

Cited by 308 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The crystalline silicon solar cell has a theoretical limiting power efficiency of 33.16% noted as a Shockley Queisser limit in 1961. An efficiency of 25.6% for a silicon solar cell has been reported in 2014 that further grows to 46.1% in four‐junction GaInP/GaAs/GaInAsP/GaInAs solar cell reported by French‐German collaboration. The triple‐junction thin film solar cells achieved an efficiency of 13.6% in June 2015 .…”

Section: Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cellmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Kour¹,

et al. 2019

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Lead halide perovskites have displayed the highest solar power conversion efficiencies of 23% but the toxicity issues of these materials need to be addressed. Lead‐free perovskites have emerged as viable candidates for potential use as light harvesters to ensure clean and green photovoltaic technology. The substitution of lead by Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu and other potential candidates have reported efficiencies of up to 9%, but there is still a dire need to enhance their efficiencies and stability within the air. A comprehensive review is given on potential substitutes for lead‐free perovskites and their characteristic features like energy bandgaps and optical absorption as well as photovoltaic parameters like open‐circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor, short‐circuit current density (J SC), and the device architecture for their efficient use. Lead‐free perovskites do possess a suitable bandgap but have low efficiency. The use of additives has a significant effect on their efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations like diethylammonium, phenylethyl ammonium, phenylethyl ammonium iodide, etc., or mixed cations at different compositions at the A‐site is reported with engineered bandgaps having significant efficiency and stability. Recent work on the advancement of lead‐free perovskites is also reviewed.

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Section: Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cellmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Kour¹,

et al. 2019

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“…An efficiency of 46% was achieved with a solar cell with 4 pn-junctions. 21 The metallisation for the front contact needs to be adapted to the flux profile of the solar radiation induced by the optics. The design is described in .…”

Section: Solar Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic design evaluation on the example of a concentrator photovoltaic module with mirror optics and passive heat dissipation

Wiesenfarth

Gamisch

Jakob

et al. 2018

Progress in Photovoltaics

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In the design of concentrator photovoltaic modules, numerous components need to be optimised to achieve the highest performance of the complete system while simultaneously maintaining low costs for the manufacturing processes. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of different designs of concentrator photovoltaic modules using mirror optics to concentrate the solar radiation by a factor of 1000 with passive heat dissipation. Module designs based on 4 different arrangements for the optics are investigated: on‐axis, asymmetrical, and Cassegrain with and without tertiary optics. Each design is optimised for high thermal, optical, and electrical performance via finite element method, ray tracing, and network simulations. Concepts for manufacturing are also proposed. The 4 specific designs are evaluated and compared in a systematic benefit analysis. In this analysis, 9 criteria are defined to describe the module performance and manufacturability. To quantify the benefit of each module design, utility values—a score to provide a value to the benefit—and weighting factors are defined. With this systematic analysis, the strengths and potential for optimisation are identified, and the different designs are compared. In addition, the potential for improvement is discussed surveying the different criteria.

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“…CPV has achieved very high efficiencies using four-junction solar cells made of III-V semiconductors: 46% for a solar cell under 508 suns of intensity [11], 43% for a single-lens concentrator [12] and 38.9% for a whole module with an aperture area of 812.3 cm 2 [13]. However, due to the much smaller installed capacity and maturity of CPV systems, their price is still higher than that of flat-plate systems, with an estimated system cost between 1.4 and 2.2 €/Wp and an LCOE between 0.10 €/kWh and 0.15 €/kWh at locations with a high fraction of direct irradiance, around 2000 kWh m −2 per year [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-film micro-concentrator solar cells

et al. 2019

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Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion of sunlight into electricity is now a well-established technology and a strong further expansion of PV will be seen in the future to answer the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy. Concentrator PV (CPV) employs optical elements to concentrate sunlight onto small solar cells, offering the possibility of replacing expensive solar cells with more economic optical elements, and higher device power conversion efficiencies. While CPV has mainly been explored for highly efficient single-crystalline and multi-junction solar cells, the combination of thinfilm solar cells with the concentration approach opens up new horizons in CPV. Typical fabrication of thin-film solar cells can be modified for efficient, high-throughput and parallel production of organized arrays of micro solar cells. Their combination with microlens arrays promises to deliver micro-concentrator solar modules with a similar form factor to present day flat-panel PV. Such thinfilm micro-concentrator PV modules would use significantly less semiconductor solar cell material (reducing the use of critical raw materials) and lead to a higher energy production (by means of concentrated sunlight), with the potential to lead to a lower levelized cost of electricity. This review article gives an overview of the present state-of-the-art in the fabrication of thin-film micro solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 absorber materials and introduces optical concentration systems that can be combined to build the future thin-film micro-concentrator PV technology.

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Four-Junction Wafer-Bonded Concentrator Solar Cells

Cited by 308 publications

References 28 publications

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Systematic design evaluation on the example of a concentrator photovoltaic module with mirror optics and passive heat dissipation

Thin-film micro-concentrator solar cells

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