Four-headed biceps and triceps brachii muscles, with neurovascular variation

Soubhagya, R. Nayak; Madhan, Kumar S. J.; Latha, V; Saralaya, Vasudha; Merin, M. Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1447-073x.2007.00171.x

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Gray's anatomy reported the incidence of the third head in 10% of cases [5]. [17]. In our study, we observed 5 limbs out of 56 limbs (8.92%) having supernumerary heads.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Incidence of the Third and Fourth Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Caucasian Race – A Study and Review of Literature

Kumar¹,

Baidya²

2018

IJAR

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Anatomic variations in the heads of biceps brachii are not uncommon. It varies from one head to seven heads but two heads (long and short) are considered normal. In this study, 56 arms from 28 cadavers were studied for third and fourth heads in the anatomy laboratory of Weill Cornell Medicine. We observed supernumerary heads in 5 cadavers (8.92%), out of which three heads were seen in 4 cadavers (7.14%) and four heads in only one cadaver (1.78%). Clinically, these kinds of anomalies are important because supernumerary heads could compress neighboring blood vessels and nerves.

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“…Gray's anatomy reported the incidence of the third head in 10% of cases [5]. [17]. In our study, we observed 5 limbs out of 56 limbs (8.92%) having supernumerary heads.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Incidence of the Third and Fourth Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Caucasian Race – A Study and Review of Literature

Kumar¹,

Baidya²

2018

IJAR

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“…Seldom do we find variations of the triceps brachii muscle in the medical literature. as it turned out, the fourth head of the triceps brachii may have developed from various points of the shoulder joint capsule, the scapula, the humerus, and the coracoid process [2,18]. autopsy studies by Eiserloh et al [3] and Handling et al [5] confirmed a constant capsular contribution to every orgin of the long head of the triceps brachii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This partly remains contradictory to Huber and Putz [19], who noticed the long tendon of triceps brachii pass to the glenoid labrum in 38% of individuals. Soubhagya et al [18] described the fourth head of the triceps brachii, being attached to the medial aspect of humerus, just below the insertion of the latissimus dorsi and teres major tendons. Macalister [20] found the fourth head of the triceps, as a split of the long head, with a long, slender tendon attached to the shoulder capsule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Dynamics of the Triceps Brachii Muscle in the Human Fetus

et al. 2014

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Background. The triceps brachii muscle, the strongest extensor of the elbow joint, is characterized by the three heads: long, lateral and medial. Objectives. In the present study we aimed to examine the linear parameters (length, width) of the fetal triceps brachii muscle and to provide their growth dynamics. Material and Methods. Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (Multiscan v.14.02), and statistics (Student's t-test, regression analysis) we measured in mm the length and width of the triceps brachii in 30 fetuses of both sexes (12♂,18♀) aged 12-29 weeks. Results. Neither sex nor laterality differences were found. all the parameters studied increased proportionately with age. The linear functions were computed as follows: y = 6.797 + 2.079 x age (r = 0.886) for length of the long head's belly, y = -0.041 + 0.215 × age (r = 0.786) for width of the long head's belly, y = 1.889 + 0.174 × age (r = 0.796) for length of the long head's proximal tendon, y = 0.158 + 0.052 × age (r = 0.864) for width of the long head's proximal tendon, y = 5.270 + 1.809 × age (r = 0.855) for length of the lateral head's belly, y = 0.348 + 0.284 × × age (r = 0.829) for width of the lateral head's belly, y = 0.942 + 1.837 × age (r = 0.839) for length of the medial head's belly, y = 0.314 + 0.234 × age (r = 0.852) for width of the medial head's belly, y = -3.191 + 0.984 × age (r = 0.929) for lenght of the common tendon, and y = -0.478 + 0.133 × age (r = 0.933) for width of the common tendon. Conclusions. Neither male-female nor right-left differences are observed in morphometric parameters of the triceps brachii muscle. The long head's belly is the thinnest, while the lateral head's belly is the widest one. The long head is the longest and the medial head is the shortest one. The developmental dynamics of the triceps brachii muscle follow proportionately (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 2, 177-184).

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“…Bilateral symmetrical accessory BB heads have an incidence ranging between 3.3% and 29.3% [3,9,13,21]. All reported supernumerary BB heads are innervated by the MCN, with the rare exceptions where accessory heads are innervated by the MN [8,9,11,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles associated with multiple neurovascular aberrations: a case report with clinical significance

et al. 2019

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Neural and vascular variations in the axilla and upper limb area are usually paired, but coexistence of muscular aberration on top of this is uncommon. The current case report emphasizes on the unilateral coexistence of a three-headed (tricipital) biceps brachii muscle, a two-headed coracobrachialis with an accessory muscle bundle joining the superficial and deep heads of coracobrachialis muscle. On the ipsilateral side of the 72-year old male cadaver, a connecting branch originated from the musculocutaneous nerve and joined the median nerve after surpassing the accessory muscle bundle. A large diameter subscapular trunk originated from the 2nd part of the axillary artery and after giving off the 1st lateral thoracic artery trifurcated into a common stem which gave off the 2nd and 3rd lateral thoracic arteries, the circumflex scapular artery and a common branch that gave off the 4th and 5th lateral thoracic arteries and the thoracodorsal artery, as the ultimate branch. All lateral thoracic arteries were accompanied by multiple intercostobrachial nerves. Documentation of such muscular and neurovascular variants and their embryologic origin increases awareness of their potential impact on diagnosis and treatment of upper limb pathology. To the best of our knowledge, the currently reported cadaveric observations seem to constitute a unique finding.

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Four-headed biceps and triceps brachii muscles, with neurovascular variation

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Incidence of the Third and Fourth Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Caucasian Race – A Study and Review of Literature

Incidence of the Third and Fourth Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Caucasian Race – A Study and Review of Literature

Growth Dynamics of the Triceps Brachii Muscle in the Human Fetus

An atypical biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles associated with multiple neurovascular aberrations: a case report with clinical significance

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