Four calcium phosphate ceramics as bone substitutes for non-weight-bearing

Kitsugi, Toshiaki; Yamamuro, Takao; Nakamura, Takashi; Kotani, Seiya; Kokubo, Tadashi; Takeuchi, Hiroyasu

doi:10.1016/0142-9612(93)90026-x

Cited by 147 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…25 Kitsugi et al used the same rabbit model and reported that the failure loads for ␤-TCP and dense HA were 7.43 and 5.05 kgf at 10 weeks and 7.28 and 7.05 kgf at 25 weeks, respectively. 32 In the present study, the average particle size and density of the three types of bioactive powder did not differ significantly from each other, so we think the specific surface area of the bioactive filler on each cement-plate surface was almost equal. Thus, the higher bonding strength of AW-GC with bone, compared to HA or ␤-TCP, directly resulted in the higher bonding strength of AWC compared to HAC or TCPC in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bioactive bone cement: Comparison of apatite and wollastonite containing glass-ceramic, hydroxyapatite, and ?-tricalcium phosphate fillers on bone-bonding strength

Kobayashi

Nakamura

Okada

et al. 1998

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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A study was conducted to compare the bone-bonding strengths of three types of bioactive bone cement, consisting of either apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (AW-GC) powder, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, or beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) powder as an inorganic filler and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) based resin as an organic matrix. Seventy percent (w/w) filler was added to the cement. Rectangular plates (10 x 15 x 2 mm) of each cement were made and abraded with #2000 alumina powder. After soaking in simulated body fluid for 2 days, the AW cement (AWC) and HA cement (HAC) formed bonelike apatite over their entire surfaces, but the TCP cement (TCPC) did not. Plates of each type of cement were implanted into the tibial metaphyses of male Japanese white rabbits, and the failure loads were measured by a detaching test at 10 and 25 weeks after implantation. The failure loads of AWC, HAC, and TCPC were 3.95, 2.04, and 2.03 kgf at 10 weeks and 4.36, 3.45, and 3.10 kgf at 25 weeks, respectively. The failure loads of the AWC were significantly higher than those of the HAC and TCPC at 10 and 25 weeks. Histological examination by contact microradiogram and Giemsa surface staining of the bone-cement interface revealed that all the bioactive bone cements were in direct contact with bone. However, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that only AWC had contacted to the bone via a Ca-P rich layer formed at the interface between the AW-GC powder and the bone, which might explain its high bone-bonding strength. Neither the HAC nor the TCPC contacted the bone through such a layer between each powder and the bone, although the HAC and TCPC directly contacted with bone. Our results indicate that all three types of abraded and prefabricated cement have bonding strength to bone, but AWC has superior bone-bonding strength compared to HAC and TCPC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bioactive bone cement: Comparison of apatite and wollastonite containing glass-ceramic, hydroxyapatite, and ?-tricalcium phosphate fillers on bone-bonding strength

Kobayashi

Nakamura

Okada

et al. 1998

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…2 To improve the properties of calcium phosphate materials for clinical use, hydroxyapatite (HA), a major inorganic component of bone, has been used extensively as bone graft filler and as a coating for dental and orthopedic implants because of its osteoconductive properties. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Synthetic bone grafts provide an alternative to autografts and allografts, but both have a number of well-documented disadvantages. 10 Autograft requires a second surgical procedure that can lead to infection and chronic pain in the harvest site and requires more hospital time than allograft or bone graft substitutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses of bone/implant interface using the novel Bonelike® synthetic bone graft

Gutierres

Hussain

Lopes

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Synthetic bone grafts provide an alternative to autografts and allografts. Bonelike 1 is a patented synthetic bone graft that mimics the mineral composition of bone. The aim of the present work was to assess the biological behavior of Bonelike 1 graft in humans, before using the material in orthopedic applications of bone regeneration, for example, in opening wedge high tibial osteotomies for medial knee osteoarthritis. Bonelike 1 granules were implanted in cortical bone of 11 patients undergoing osteotomies, and new bone formation, osteoconductive properties, and resorption characteristics of the granules were analyzed. The granules ranged from 500 to 1000 mm and were implanted in the lateral aspect of the tibia. The patients' mean age was 59 years (range 48 to 70 years); there were eight women and three men, all suffering from medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. At surgery, a 1 Â 1 Â 1-cm cortical defect was created 3 cm distal to the entry point of the screws, in line with the long axis of tibia. The implanted Bonelike 1 graft sample was extracted for analysis during removal of the metallic prosthesis after implantation times of 6, 9, and 12 months. Radiological follow-up, scanning electron microscopy, histological analysis, and histomorphometric measurements were conducted on the retrieved samples to assess bone regeneration in the defect area. Osteoconductive capacity was demonstrated by extensive mature bone formation around the implanted granules and high levels of percentage bone-to-graft contact (from 67-84%). Bonelike 1 acted as an excellent bioactive scaffold, allowing the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of bone cells on its surface, and therefore regeneration of the defects was achieved in a rapid, controlled manner. Our results suggest that Bonelike 1 graft is an excellent candidate for orthopedic applications where rapid new bone formation is a fundamental requirement. ß

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“…Ossification occurred intramembranously (directly), there being virtually no evidence of an endochondral mechanism having been followed. The total volume of bone formed increased significantly (p < 0.005) from 5.8 mm 3 per implant after the second week to 10.2 mm 3 per implant after the third, when the net daily rate of bone formation was the highest (0.8 mm 3 per implant per day). Bone tissue was deposited not only upon the implant surfaces but also at some distance therefrom, maximally at 340 µm by the end of the third week.…”

Section: Ectopic Model In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They are relatively cheap, non-toxic, minimally resorbed, of acceptable compressive strength, attach well to hard tissues and conduct bone apposition. The major drawback of hydroxyapatite ceramics is their low tensile strength [3][4][5][6]. Until recently, layers of calcium phosphate were deposited upon the surfaces of metal implants under physical conditions that were highly unphysiological.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%