Four- and Six-Month-Old Infants' Visual Responses to Joy, Anger, and Neutral Expressions

LaBarbera, Joseph D.; Izard, Carroll E.; Vietze, Peter M.; Parisi, Stefano

doi:10.2307/1128816

Cited by 240 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, it could be argued that the inclusion of other positive emotions may lead to different results. However, it is important to note that TD children accurately recognize the basic emotion of happiness before the other basic negative emotions (Herba & Phillips, 2004), even when children are presented with only two emotional facial expressions (e.g., happiness vs. anger) (Labarbera, Izard, Vietze, & Parisi, 1976).…”

Section: Discussion Of Results Obtained From the Matching Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome: A matching and developmental study

Martínez‐Castilla

Burt

Borgatti

et al. 2014

Child Neuropsychology

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Citation for published item:wrt¡ %nezEgstillD F nd furtD wF nd forgttiD F nd qglirdiD gF @PHISA 9pil emotion reognition in illims syndrome nd hown syndrome X mthing nd developmentl studyF9D ghild neuropsyhologyFD PI @SAF ppF TTVETWPF Further information on publisher's website: Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In this study both the matching and developmental trajectories approaches were used to clarify the development of facial expression recognition in Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS). The matching approach showed that neither individuals with WS nor DS exhibit a specific proficiency for the expression of happiness or a specific impairments for negative emotions but presented the same pattern of emotion recognition as typically developing (TD) individuals. Thus, the better performance on the recognition of positive compared to negative emotions often reported in WS and DS is not specific to these populations but represents a typical pattern. Prior studies based on the matching approach suggested that the development of facial expression recognition is delayed in WS and atypical in DS. Nevertheless, and even though performance levels were lower in DS than in WS, the developmental trajectories approach used in this study found that not only individuals with DS but also those with WS present atypical developmental trajectories. Unlike in the TD participants where developmental changes were observed along with age, in the WS and DS development was static. Thus, both individuals with WS and those with DS reach early maximum levels of facial expression recognition due to cognitive constraints.

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Section: Discussion Of Results Obtained From the Matching Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome: A matching and developmental study

Martínez‐Castilla

Burt

Borgatti

et al. 2014

Child Neuropsychology

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“…In some studies, infants looked longer at a stimulus that matched other sensory input, hence was familiar in this context, than at a stimulus that did not match, hence was novel in this context. For example, they looked longer at an individual whose facial expression (smiling or angry face) matched the mother's emotional expression in a social-referencing experiment (LaBarbera, Izard, Vietze, & Parisi, 1976) and at a video whose soundtrack matched the ®lmed event (Spelke, 1976), the affect displayed by the ®lmed face (WalkerAndrews, 1988), or the temporal pattern of the ®lmed lip movements (Spelke & Cortelyou, 1981). These results illustrate the dif®culty inherent in attempting to interpret the meaning of infants' looking behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual‐preference and operant measures of infant memory

Wilk

Klein

Rovee‐Collier

2001

Developmental Psychobiology

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In three experiments with sixty 3- and 6-month-olds, we examined whether operant and visual-preference measures of retention are equivalent. Infants learned to move a mobile by kicking and then received a paired-comparison test with the familiar (training) mobile and a novel one. Kicking above baseline was the direct measure of retention, and longer looking at the novel mobile was the visual-preference or inferred measure. Retention was tested 1 day after training (Experiment 1) or reactivation (Experiment 2) and immediately or 4 days after training (Experiment 3). Despite differences in age and retention interval, infants consistently exhibited retention on the operant measure, but not on the visual-preference measure. These data reveal that the two measures of retention are not equivalent. When expectations are associated with a particular stimulus, infants indicate retention directly and robustly, rarely looking longer at a novel test stimulus. This result is not limited to operant situations.

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“…There are even indications that four-month-old infants are able to distin guish happy from angry and neutral expressions (LaBarbera, Izard, Vietze, & Parisi, 1976), and that three-month-old infants are able to distinguish surprise from happy and, sometimes, from sad expressions (Young-Browne, Rosenfeld, & Horowitz, 1977). In the last two experiments discrimination was assessed by using some kind of visual fixation measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Recognizability of Vocal Expressions of Emotion

Bezooijen¹

1984

128

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Four- and Six-Month-Old Infants' Visual Responses to Joy, Anger, and Neutral Expressions

Cited by 240 publications

References 5 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome: A matching and developmental study

Facial emotion recognition in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome: A matching and developmental study

Visual‐preference and operant measures of infant memory

Characteristics and Recognizability of Vocal Expressions of Emotion

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