Fossil carabids from Baltic amber – I –A new species of the genus Calathus Bonelli, 1810(Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae)

Ortuño, Vicente M.; Arillo, Antonio

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2239.1.5

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Two westward dispersal events probably occurred during the middle Miocene. One occurred towards western Europe when landmass connections permitted dispersal across the Mediterranean Basin, resulting in trans‐Mediterranean lineages (Oosterbroek & Arntzen, 1992). Another event seems to have occurred through North Africa, giving rise to the ancestor of clade 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of subgenus Calathus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Mediterranean region – glacial refugia and taxon pulses

Ruíz

Jordal

Serrano

2012

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim To investigate the effects of Pleistocene climatic variations on the diversification rate of the subgenus Calathus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and to estimate the role of vicariance and dispersal for explaining current distributional patterns. Location Western Palaearctic Region, particularly the Mediterranean Basin. Methods Fragments of the mitochondrial cox1–cox2 and the nuclear 28S and EF1α genes were analysed by Bayesian inference. Lineage divergence times were estimated using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock. Three diversification rate analyses were conducted, namely gamma (γ)‐statistic, birth–death likelihood (BDL) test and survival analyses, in order to test departures from a constant rate model of diversification. A Bayesian approach to dispersal–vicariance analysis was developed to reconstruct the most probable ancestral area of subgenus Calathus and subsequent events of dispersal and colonization. Results A constant rate of speciation events from the late Miocene onwards was found for the subgenus Calathus, whereas recent Pleistocene climatic oscillations played an important role only in shaping intraspecific diversity. Overall diversification patterns for the subgenus are best explained by at least four westward dispersal events from the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Three distinct phylogroups were found for the widely distributed Calathus fuscipes. Incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear loci was found for a number of species. Main conclusions Diversification analyses suggest either a constant rate of diversification (BDL analysis) or a decrease in diversification rates for the subgenus (survival or γ‐statistics analyses), but not an increase related to the effects of glaciation cycles. Diversification patterns in the subgenus Calathus agree with predictions of the taxon pulse model. From the middle Miocene onwards the Anatolian Peninsula was possibly the main centre of diversification, with successive dispersal events towards the western Mediterranean Basin. Range expansion and secondary contact zones are postulated between members of different phylogroups in C. fuscipes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of subgenus Calathus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Mediterranean region – glacial refugia and taxon pulses

Ruíz

Jordal

Serrano

2012

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The Oligocene-Miocene emergence of the megadiverse genus Carabus is surprising considering the fossil evidence in the Carabidae family. Recent studies of Baltic amber inclusions have clarified that representatives of modern ground beetle genera, even those from the subfamily Harpalinae, already existed during the Eocene along with certain fossil species of the extant genera Calathus of the tribe Sphodrini [33], Coptodera of Lebiini [34], and Limodromus of Platynini [35]. In addition, the presence of Harpalinae is evident in the fossil record since the early Late Cretaceous [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewinding the molecular clock in the genus Carabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in light of fossil evidence and the Gondwana split: A reanalysis

2021

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Molecular clocks have become powerful tools given increasing sequencing and fossil resources. However, calibration analyses outcomes depend on the choice of priors. Here, we revisited the seminal dating study published by Andújar and coworkers of the genus Carabus proposing that prior choices need re-evaluation. We hypothesized that reflecting fossil evidence and the Gondwanan split properly significantly rewinds the molecular clock. We re-used the dataset including five mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA fragments with a total length of 7888 nt. Fossil evidence for Oligocene occurrence of Calosoma was considered. Root age was set based on the fossil evidence of Harpalinae ground beetles in the Upper Cretaceous. Paleogene divergence of the outgroup taxa Ceroglossini and Pamborini is introduced as a new prior based on current paleontological and geological literature. The ultrametric time-calibrated tree of the extended nd5 dataset resulted in a median TMRCA Carabus of 53.92 Ma (HPD 95% 45.01–63.18 Ma), roughly 30 Ma older than in the Andújar study. The splits among C. rugosus and C. morbillosus (A), C. riffensis from the European Mesocarabus (B), and Eurycarabus and Nesaeocarabus (C) were dated to 17.58 (12.87–22.85), 24.14 (18.02–30.58), and 21.6 (16.44–27.43) Ma. They were decidedly older than those previously reported (7.48, 10.93, and 9.51 Ma). These changes were driven almost entirely by constraining the Carabidae time-tree root with a Harpalinae amber fossil at ~99 Ma. Utilizing the nd5 dating results of three well-supported Carabus clades as secondary calibration points for the complete MIT-NUC dataset led to a TMRCA of Carabus of 44.72 (37.54–52.22) Ma, compared with 25.16 Ma (18.41–33.04 Ma) in the previous study. Considering fossil evidence for Oligocene Calosoma and Late Cretaceous Harpalini together with the Gondwanan split as a new prior, our new approach supports the origin of genus Carabus in the Eocene. Our results are preliminary because of the heavy reliance on the nd5 gene, and thus will have to be tested with a sufficient set of nuclear markers. Additionally, uncertainties due to dating root age of the tree based on a single fossil and outgroup taxon affect the results. Improvement of the fossil database, particularly in the supertribe Carabitae, is needed to reduce these uncertainties in dating Carabus phylogeny.

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“…Such an Oligocene emergence of the megadiverse genus Carabus is surprising with respect to the fossil evidence in the Carabidae family. Recent studies of Baltic amber inclusions make clear that representatives of modern ground beetle genera already existed during the Eocene, even those from the “modern Carabidae” (subfamily Harpalinae), with certain fossil species of the extant genera Calathus of the tribe Sphodrini [21], Coptodera of Lebiini [22], and Limodromus of Platynini [23]. In addition, the presence of Harpalinae is evident in the fossil record since the early Late Cretaceous [24, 25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewinding the molecular clock in the genusCarabus(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in light of fossil evidence and the Gondwana split: a re-analyses

Opgenoorth

Hofmann

Schmidt³

2020

Preprint

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1 Abstract 11 Background Molecular clocks have become powerful tools given increasing sequencing and 12 fossil resources. However, outcome of calibration analyses depend on choosing priors. Here we 13 revisit a seminal dating study of the genus Carabus by Andujar et al. proposing that their prior 14 choices need re-evaluation with the hypothesis that reflecting fossil evidence and the 15 Gondwanan split properly rewinds the molecular clock significantly. We used the similar dataset 16 including five mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA fragments with 7888 nt total length. We set 17 the root age based on the fossil evidence of Harpalinae ground beetles in the Upper Cretaceous 18 and introduce the Paleogene divergence of the outgroup taxa Ceroglossus (endemic to South-19 America) and Pamborus + Maoripamborus (Australia, New Zealand) as a new prior based on 20 current paleontological and geological literature. 21 Results The ultrametric time-calibrated tree of the extended nd5 dataset resulted in a median 22 TMRCA Carabus age of 59.72 Ma (HPD95% 49.92-70.38), roughly 35 Ma older than in the 23 Andujar study. The splits between C. rugosus and C. morbillosus (A), between C. riffensis from 24 the European Mesocarabus (B), and between Eurycarabus and Nesaeocarabus (C) were dated 25 to 19.19 (13.16-25.64), 25.95 (18.68-33.97), and 23.99 (17.75-31.67) Ma and were thus 26 decidedly older than previously reported (7.48, 10.93, and 9.51 Ma). Constraining the Carabidae 27 time tree root with the Burmese Oodini amber fossil at ~99 Ma resulted in the largest increase, 28 while including the Canary Hotspot and Gondwana split calibrations stabilized the overall dating, 29 mediating between the root and remaining calibration points. Utilizing our clades A-C results, 30 TMRCA of Carabus was dated to 53.56 (41.25-67.05) Ma in the complete MIT-NUC data set 31 compared to 25.16 (18.41-33.04). 32 Conclusion Taking into account the Gondwanan split as a new prior, together with the fossil 33 evidence of the outgroup taxon Harpalini in the Late Cretaceous, our new approach supports an 34 origin of the genus Carabus in the Paleocene-Early Eocene. Our results are preliminary due to 35the heavy reliance on the nd5 gene and thus will have to be tested with sufficient set of nuclear 36markers. Such subsequent analyses will likely extend the dating even further back in time. 37

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Fossil carabids from Baltic amber – I –A new species of the genus Calathus Bonelli, 1810(Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae)

Abstract: In this paper a new species of fossil ground-beetle, Calathus elpis n. sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) preserved in a piece of Baltic amber (Eocene) is described. A comparison with extant fauna is made, and paleobiology of the species is studied.

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Diversification of subgenus Calathus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Mediterranean region – glacial refugia and taxon pulses

Diversification of subgenus Calathus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Mediterranean region – glacial refugia and taxon pulses

Rewinding the molecular clock in the genus Carabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in light of fossil evidence and the Gondwana split: A reanalysis

Rewinding the molecular clock in the genusCarabus(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in light of fossil evidence and the Gondwana split: a re-analyses

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