Forward osmosis for the concentration and reuse of process saline wastewater

Roy, Dany; Rahni, Mohamed; Pierre, P.; Yargeau, Viviane

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.11.012

Cited by 70 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…As shown in Equation (1), the water flux was calculated from the volume change of the DS divided by the membrane area and time [ 57 ]:

where

is the water flux (LMH, L/m 2 /h),

are the final and initial volumes of DS (L), respectively,

is the active membrane area (m 2 ), and Δ t is the time needed to produce

(h). The RSF was resulted from the increase of TDS in FS and was calculated following Equation (2) [ 8 ]:

where

is the reverse solute flux (gMH, g/m 2 /h),

and

are, respectively, the salt concentration (g/L) and feed volume (L) over a predetermined time t (h), whereas

and

are the initial concentration (g/L) and feed volume (L), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole-Type Spacers for More Stable Shale Gas-Produced Water Treatment by Forward Osmosis

et al. 2021

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An appropriate spacer design helps in minimizing membrane fouling which remains the major obstacle in forward osmosis (FO) systems. In the present study, the performance of a hole-type spacer (having holes at the filament intersections) was evaluated in a FO system and compared to a standard spacer design (without holes). The hole-type spacer exhibited slightly higher water flux and reverse solute flux (RSF) when Milli-Q water was used as feed solution and varied sodium chloride concentrations as draw solution. During shale gas produced water treatment, a severe flux decline was observed for both spacer designs due to the formation of barium sulfate scaling. SEM imaging revealed that the high shear force induced by the creation of holes led to the formation of scales on the entire membrane surface, causing a slightly higher flux decline than the standard spacer. Simultaneously, the presence of holes aided to mitigate the accumulation of foulants on spacer surface, resulting in no increase in pressure drop. Furthermore, a full cleaning efficiency was achieved by hole-type spacer attributed to the micro-jets effect induced by the holes, which aided to destroy the foulants and then sweep them away from the membrane surface.

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“…As shown in Equation (1), the water flux was calculated from the volume change of the DS divided by the membrane area and time [ 57 ]:

where

is the water flux (LMH, L/m 2 /h),

are the final and initial volumes of DS (L), respectively,

is the active membrane area (m 2 ), and Δ t is the time needed to produce

(h). The RSF was resulted from the increase of TDS in FS and was calculated following Equation (2) [ 8 ]:

where

is the reverse solute flux (gMH, g/m 2 /h),

and

are, respectively, the salt concentration (g/L) and feed volume (L) over a predetermined time t (h), whereas

and

are the initial concentration (g/L) and feed volume (L), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole-Type Spacers for More Stable Shale Gas-Produced Water Treatment by Forward Osmosis

et al. 2021

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“…Results showed that 1 kg of fertilizer can take up 11~29 L of fresh water from seawater. In this fertilizer-driven FO process, inorganic fertilizers with high osmotic efficiency can draw water feasibly from wastewater resource or seawater, where the diluted DS can use for fertigation [120]. However, the concentration of the spent DS is commonly too concentrated for the direct fertigation of crops, requiring another dilution with fresh water before it is suitable [20,45].…”

Section: Magnetic Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advance on Draw Solutes Development in Forward Osmosis

Long

Jia

et al. 2018

Processes

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In recent years, membrane technologies have been developed to address water shortage and energy crisis. Forward osmosis (FO), as an emerging membrane-based water treatment technology, employs an extremely concentrated draw solution (DS) to draw water pass through the semi-permeable membrane from a feed solution. DS as a critical material in FO process plays a key role in determining separation performance and energy cost. Most of existing DSs after FO still require a regeneration step making its return to initial state. Therefore, selecting suitable DS with low reverse solute, high flux, and easy regeneration is critical for improving FO energy efficiency. Numerous novel DSs with improved performance and lower regeneration cost have been developed. However, none reviews reported the categories of DS based on the energy used for recovery up to now, leading to the lack of enough awareness of energy consumption in DS regeneration. This review will give a comprehensive overview on the existing DSs based on the types of energy utilized for DS regeneration. DS categories based on different types of energy used for DS recovery, mainly including direct use based, chemical energy based, waste heat based, electric energy based, magnetic field energy based, and solar energy based are proposed. The respective benefits and detriments of the majority of DS are addressed respectively according to the current reported literatures. Finally, future directions of energy applied to DS recovery are also discussed.

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“…However, FO still has much potential for treating hypersaline streams too concentrated for RO [12], dewatering wastewater [4,8,13,14], concentrating foods [15,16] or niche applications where draw solute does not need regeneration, such as using fertiliser as the draw solute which can then be utilized for fertigation applications [14,[17][18][19]. In addition much research has been applied to the energy generating process of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) [20][21][22], where the difference in osmotic potential between the feed and draw solutions is harnessed to produce electrical energy, for example from the difference in osmotic pressure between freshwater and saline [23] or concentrated brines [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic's potential: An overview of draw solutes for forward osmosis

et al. 2018

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Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation process using a highly concentrated draw solution with high osmotic potential to draw water across a semi-permeable membrane from a feed source. This feed source may be seawater, wastewater or other natural or contaminated water sources. Unlike other membrane driven purification processes, the product is not clean water, but a diluted draw solution. As a result a second step is often needed to produce a pure water product. A major advantage of FO is that the low hydrodynamic pressure involved leads to lowered fouling of membranes and greater flux recovery after cleaning, as well as often providing a low energy process which can recover clean water from difficult or highly fouling sources. Selection of an appropriate and effective draw solution is essential for the practical operation of an FO process. This review will give an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of draw solution performance and a comprehensive summary of the current literature regarding the different types of draw solutions which have been investigated and their respective benefits and detriments. Highlights  Literature on draw solutions used in forward osmosis processes reviewed including the state-of-the-art  Overview of theoretical underpinning of draw solution performance  Up to date developments of draw solutes  Comparison of draw solute recovery methods

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Forward osmosis for the concentration and reuse of process saline wastewater

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Hole-Type Spacers for More Stable Shale Gas-Produced Water Treatment by Forward Osmosis

Hole-Type Spacers for More Stable Shale Gas-Produced Water Treatment by Forward Osmosis

Recent Advance on Draw Solutes Development in Forward Osmosis

Osmotic's potential: An overview of draw solutes for forward osmosis

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