Osmotic's potential: An overview of draw solutes for forward osmosis

Johnson, Daniel J.; Suwaileh, Wafa; Mohammed, Abdul Wahab; Hilal, Nidal

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.09.017

Cited by 208 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 142 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

115

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, some contradictions between or deviations to some of these criteria may exist. For instance, solutes with small size like NaCl are more likely to achieve a high diffusion coefficient which reduces ICP, but there is also relatively high RSF due to their size [92].…”

Section: Draw Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have gained attention recently as potential processes to solve water and energy scarcity problems with advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. These processes can be designed to produce bioenergy and clean water at the same time (i.e., wastewater treatment with power generation). Despite having significant technological advancement, these bioenergy processes are yet to be implemented in full scale and commercialized due to its relatively low performance. Hence, massive and extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the variables in FO and PRO processes such as osmotic membrane, feed solutions, draw solutions, and operating conditions in order to maximize the outcomes, which include water flux and power density. However, these research findings have not been summarized and properly reviewed. The key parts of this review are to discuss the factors influencing the performance of FO and PRO with respective resulting effects and to determine the research gaps in their optimization with the aim of further improving these bioenergy processes and commercializing them in various industrial applications.

show abstract

Section: Draw Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the van't Hoff equation is well fitted for dilute and ideal solutions in which ions do not affect each other, this is not applicable to the FO process, which deals with highly concentrated draw and feed solutions [25]. In order to more precisely model the osmotic pressure of general solutions, a modification is made in the van't Hoff equation, which is then expressed by a virial expansion to a power series [26,27], as follows:…”

Section: Osmotic Pressure Of Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that Equation (9) contains the proportion of RSF to water flux (J s /J w ) as a repetitive term, referred to as the specific RSF [32]. Past research has demonstrated that the specific value of RSF (J s /J w ) can be replaced by a constant [14,27,33], meaning that more water flux leads to more draw solute moving through the membrane. Philip et al [14] and Suh and Lee [23] also dealt with the selectivity of reverse flux (J w /J s ), which is designated as the reverse form of the specific value of RSF; they also validated the dependency of the reverse flux selectivity (J w /J s ) on the characteristics of the membrane selective layer (water (A) and solute (B) permeability values in the Appendix A), as follows:…”

Section: Reverse Solute Flux (Rsf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Modeling of Water Flux in Forward Osmosis with Multistage Operation and Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters

Ryu

Mushtaq

Park

et al. 2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To mathematically predict the behavior of a forward osmosis (FO) process for water recovery, a model was constructed using an asymmetric membrane and glucose as a draw solution, allowing an examination of both phenomenological and process aspects. It was found that the proposed model adequately described the significant physicochemical phenomena that occur in the FO system, including forward water flux, internal concentration polarization (ICP), external concentration polarization (ECP), and reverse solute diffusion (RSD). Model parameters, namely the physiochemical properties of the FO membrane and glucose solutions, were estimated on the basis of experimental and existing data. Through batch FO operations with the estimated parameters, the model was verified. In addition, the influences of ECP and ICP on the water flux of the FO system were investigated at different solute concentrations. Water flux simulation results, which exhibited good agreement with the experimental data, confirmed that ICP, ECP, and RSD had a real impact on water flux and thus must be taken into account in the FO process. With the Latin-hypercube-one-factor-at-a-time (LH-OAT) method, the sensitivity index of diffusivity was at its highest, with a value of more than 40%, which means that diffusivity is the most influential parameter for water flux of the FO system, in particular when dealing with a high-salinity solution. Based on the developed model and sensitivity analysis, the simulation results provide insight into how mass transport affects the performance of an FO system. Several types of membrane-based desalination technology, including electrodialysis, membrane distillation, reverse osmosis (RO), and forward osmosis (FO), have been developed [3,4]. Among these, FO-based water desalination, of which the driving force is an intrinsic osmotic pressure gradient, has a unique position because (1) it is highly resistant to membrane fouling [5], (2) it requires much lower energy [6] and exerts higher driving force than conventional physical separation methods if proper draw solutes are used, and (3) it does not deteriorate the physical properties of feed solution (e.g., color, taste, aroma, and nutrition) [7,8]. For these reasons, FO is viewed as workable especially for difficult feed water with high salinity or foulants. FO can be applied to treat hypersaline streams that are too concentrated for RO [9]. Special cases in which there is no requirement to regenerate draw solution also have high potential, as draw solute: It is possible to use diluted fertilizer for direct fertigation [10][11][12] including wastewater treatment [13] and food concentration [7,8]. One such case is the use of fertilizer.However, there are still many difficult barriers to field implementation of the FO process. Typical problems involve intrinsic, performance-reducing properties, including concentration polarization (CP) and reverse solute diffusion (RSD) [14]. Since both sides of the membrane are in contact with two kinds of solutions, feed solution, and draw s...

show abstract

“…well established [75]. FO appears to have reduced fouling compared to RO, although it is a misconception that this results from the lower hydraulic pressures of FO [76].…”

Section: Figure 11 Second-law Efficiency Of An Fo Exchanger Vs Ratimentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy Generation Minimization for Energy-Efficient Desalination

Lienhard

2018

Volume 6B: Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Desalination systems can be conceptualized as power cycles, in which the useful work output is the work of separation of fresh water from saline water. In this framing, thermodynamic analysis provides powerful tools for raising energy efficiency. This paper discusses the use of entropy generation minimization for a spectrum of desalination systems, including those based on reverse osmosis, humidification-dehumidification, membrane distillation, electrodialysis, and forward osmosis. The energy efficiency of desalination is shown to be maximized when entropy generation is minimized. Equipartition of entropy generation is considered and applied to these systems. The mechanisms of entropy generation in these systems are characterized, including the identification of major causes of irreversibility. Methods to limit discarded exergy are also identified. Prospects and technology development needs for further improvement are mentioned briefly.

show abstract

Osmotic's potential: An overview of draw solutes for forward osmosis

Cited by 208 publications

References 142 publications

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

Factors Affecting the Performance of Membrane Osmotic Processes for Bioenergy Development

Dynamical Modeling of Water Flux in Forward Osmosis with Multistage Operation and Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters

Entropy Generation Minimization for Energy-Efficient Desalination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About