Fortnightly review: tinnitus investigation and management

Vesterager, Vibeke

doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7082.728

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Tinnitus can occur as an isolated symptom without a recognisable cause or in association with a middle or inner ear disorder, such as sensorineural hearing loss (Vesterager 1997), otosclerosis (Shea 1981), intoxication with certain drugs (Brummett 1980), sudden deafness and Ménière's disease (Spoendlin 1987).…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus

Martinez‐Devesa

Perera

Theodoulou

et al. 2005

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

103

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Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus

Martinez‐Devesa

Perera

Theodoulou

et al. 2005

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

103

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“…The inclusion criteria were: That they had had constant tinnitus for at least two years without any indication of spontaneous recovery experimental group (Vesterager, 1997); That their corrected vision was sufficient for them to see the visual stimuli on a computer screen; That they did not suffer from any medical condition that may cause cognitive dysfunction (e.g. tumor, serious head injury, dementia); That they had not recently undergone any medical procedure and were not taking any medication that could affect cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe tinnitus and its effect on selective and divided attention

Stevens

Walker

Boyer

et al. 2007

International Journal of Audiology

136

110

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The effect of chronic, severe tinnitus on two visual tasks was investigated. A general depletion of resources hypothesis states that overall performance would be impaired in a tinnitus group relative to a control group whereas a controlled processing hypothesis states that only tasks that are demanding, requiring strategic processes, are affected. Eleven participants who had experienced severe tinnitus for more than two years comprised the tinnitus group. A control group was matched for age and verbal IQ. Levels of anxiety, depression, and high frequency average hearing level were treated as covariates. Tasks consisted of the say-word (easy) and say-color (demanding) conditions of the Stroop task, a single (baseline) reaction time (RT) task, and dual tasks involving word reading or category naming while performing a concurrent RT task. Results supported the general depletion of resources hypothesis: RT of the tinnitus group was slower in both conditions of the Stroop task, and in the word reading and category naming conditions of the dual task. Differences were not attributable to high frequency average hearing level, anxiety, or depression.

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“…The inclusion criteria were as follows: The participants had had constant tinnitus for at least 3 months (tinnitus group only) without any indication of spontaneous recovery (Vesterager, 1997), their corrected vision was sufficient for them to see the visual stimuli on a computer screen, they did not suffer from any medical condition that may cause cognitive dysfunction (e.g., tumor, serious head injury, dementia), and they had not recently undergone any medical procedure and were not taking any medication that could affect cognitive functioning. The latter included drugs that may cause drowsiness, confusion or agitation.…”

Section: Telephone Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinnitus and Its Effect on Working Memory and Attention

Rossiter

Stevens

Walker

2006

J Speech Lang Hear Res

189

151

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Tinnitus and Its Effect on Working Memory and AttentionPurpose: In 2 experiments, the assumption that continual orienting to tinnitus uses cognitive resources was investigated. It was hypothesized that differences in performance of tinnitus and control groups would manifest during demanding or unfamiliar tasks that required strategic, controlled processing and that reduced performance was not related solely to levels of anxiety. Method: Nineteen participants with chronic, moderate tinnitus-matched with a control group for age, education, and verbal IQ-completed auditory verbal working-memory and visual divided-attention tasks, with task order counterbalanced across participants. Results: As hypothesized, reading span of the tinnitus group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (Task 1). In Task 2, the tinnitus group recorded slower reaction times and poorer accuracy in the most demanding dual task context. Covariate analyses revealed that differences in task performance were not attributable to anxiety scale scores. Conclusions: Complaints of the distracting effects of tinnitus have a basis in performance test outcomes. Future research should investigate effects of severe tinnitus and possible effects of hearing loss. At the level of theory development, results from this study suggest that tinnitus affects cognition to the extent that it reduces cognitive capacity needed to perform tasks that require voluntary, conscious, effortful, and strategic control.KEY WORDS: tinnitus, working memory, divided attention, anxiety, controlled processes, automatic processes T innitus, the perception of sound in the absence of corresponding auditory stimulation, is a widespread phenomenon. Estimates of the incidence of tinnitus in the general population vary widely. Epidemiological studies, in which an attempt is made to include every member of the designated population in the sample, are unique in that they can provide accurate estimates of the prevalence of tinnitus, free from the biasing effects of drawing samples from clinical populations or calling for volunteers. A recent epidemiological survey conducted on the aged population (55 years and over) of a township west of Sydney, Australia, revealed that 30% of this group had experienced at least one episode of tinnitus in the year preceding the interview. This study was composed of 26% of participants with normal threshold acuity and 35% of participants with a hearing loss (Sindhusake et al., 2003). Sindhusake et al. reviewed six recent population-based studies of tinnitus prevalence in the general population and arrived at a range of 13% to 18%.Chronic tinnitus can be accompanied by depression (Folmer, Griest, & Martin, 2001;Holgers, Erlandsson, & Barrenas, 2000), anxiety (G. Andersson & Vretblad, 2000;Folmer et al., 2001), insomnia (Folmer et al., 2001), problems with auditory perception (Hallam, Jakes, & Hinchcliffe, 1988;Tyler & Baker, 1983), and poor general and mental health. In extreme cases, intractable tinnitus may lead to suicide (Johnston & Walke...

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Fortnightly review: tinnitus investigation and management

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus

Severe tinnitus and its effect on selective and divided attention

Tinnitus and Its Effect on Working Memory and Attention

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