The
use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in biomedical
applications has greatly expanded over the past decade due to the
precision tunability, high surface areas, and high loading capacities
of MOFs. Specifically, MOFs are being explored for a wide variety
of drug delivery applications. Initially, MOFs were used for delivery
of small-molecule pharmaceuticals; however, more recent work has focused
on macromolecular cargos, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Here,
we review the historical application of MOFs for drug delivery, with
a specific focus on the available options for designing MOFs for specific
drug delivery applications. These options include choices of MOF structure,
synthetic method, and drug loading. Further considerations include
tuning, modifications, biocompatibility, cellular targeting, and uptake.
Altogether, this Review aims to guide MOF design for novel biomedical
applications.