Formulation of the Principal Factors Affecting the Rate of Uptake of Carbon Monoxide by Man

Carbon Monoxide Uptake and Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity in Normal Subjects at Rest and During Exercise 1

“…The cardiac output is known to increase with increasing grades of exercise. From previous evidence (1,4), changes in linear rate of blood flow through pulmonary vessels should not affect CO uptake. The increased Dco during exercise is, therefore, explainable either on the assumption that the capillaries taking part in CO absorption increase in size or number or that the pulmonary membrane has changed in character under exercise conditions.…”

“…The rate of CO uptake in men breathing low concentrations of CO (0.01 to 0.2 per cent in air) has previously been measured (4,5,15) by methods based on analyses of inspired gas and venous blood and determinations or estimations of the blood volume. It has been found that under these conditions the CO uptake remains constant until the blood is approximately one-third saturated with CO. Three empirical formulae for predicting the increase in per cent COHb have been derived from such data.…”

“…For this reason, CO is taken up from respired gas for considerable periods of time (4) without there being a significant change in the Pco, or "escaping tendency," in the pulmonary capillary blood. The driving force responsible for CO transport across 1 These studies were aided by a contract between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the Trudeau Foundation (NR 112-214).…”

A Proposal for Evaluating Human Exposure to Carbon Monoxide Contamination in Military Vehicles

“…Soldiers within enclosed vehicles may be subjected to wide extremes of CO concentrations, which are primarily due to the firing of weapons. Further, it is well documented (23,18,7,20) that the intake of CO by the human body is directly related to the amount of CO respired during the exposure period. That is, if twice the volume of air is respired (CO concentration constant), about twice as much CO will be absorbed.…”

A carbon monoxide transport model of the human respiratory system applied to urban atmosphere exposure analysis

“…Most mathematical models are empirical (Forbes, Sargent and Roughton, 1945;Pace et al, 1946;Lilienthal and Pine, 1946). The output of an empirical model has consistency only for the conditions in which the experiment was carried out.…”