Formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Ivabradine-Nebivolol co-encapsulated lipospheres

Microfluidics for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease

“…89 The study of drug carriers and the design of multi-targeted drugs are important ways to improve drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics. 90 The treatment of CVDs is a long-term process, and some diseases may require lifelong medication to control their progression. 91 Therefore, sustained delivery and precise release of drugs play an important role in improving the therapeutic outcome of CVDs.…”

Lipospheres and Pro-Nanolipospheres: Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems

“…Moreover, lipospheres were used to encapsulate antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin (Attama et al, 2009) and Gentamicin which is active against a variable range of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria (Momoh & Esimone, 2012) Some anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such as Fenofibrate were formulated also as lipospheres which showed a superior lowering of serum cholesterol levels when compared with the marketed product (Saroja & Lakshmi, 2013). Nebivolol (NEB) is another antihypertensive drug of poor bioavailability that was encapsulated into liposphere by Hanif et al (Hanif et al, 2019) and then further research was done by combining NEB with Ivabradine (IVB) and co-loading into lipospheres which produced a prolonged release formulation with improved bioavailability when compared to the marketed oral tablets (Hanif et al, 2021). More research was done by Maheen and Rasul using the antihypertensive drug enalapril maleatean ACE inhibitor-that was formulated as liposphere and showed a sustained-release pattern that led to a maximum benefit of controlling blood pressure with the least side effects and cost for hypertensive patients .…”

“…Moreover lipospheres help in enhancing patient compliance as they lead to long-term control over drug plasma levels which was clear in different drug classes such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, local anaesthetics, anticancer agents and many others (Yalavarthi et al, 2014), thus helping in decreasing dose frequency and associated side effects . Lipospheres are also known for their proved safety and biocompatibility as they are composed of physiological components and excipients which has GRAS status (Generally accepted and safe) (Domb, 2006;Hanif et al, 2021). They have also shown improved stability in addition to their ease and lower cost of production (Hanif et al, 2021).…”

“…Lipospheres are also known for their proved safety and biocompatibility as they are composed of physiological components and excipients which has GRAS status (Generally accepted and safe) (Domb, 2006;Hanif et al, 2021). They have also shown improved stability in addition to their ease and lower cost of production (Hanif et al, 2021).…”

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Implications for Nanotechnological Applications in Biosensing and Drug/Gene Delivery

“…A variety of nanotherapeutic approaches have been recently introduced for biological applications, including to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer cells, combat cancer metastasis, etc. [11,13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Furthermore, thermosensitive magnetic nanomaterials were exposed to alternate magnetic field in order to develop effective chemotherapeutic approaches [34][35][36][37][38].…”