Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial topical creams from ethanol extract of &lt;i&gt;Vernonia ambigua&lt;/i&gt; leaves

Okafo, Sinodukoo Eziuzo; Anie, Clement Oliseloke; Nwanua, M.C.

doi:10.4314/njpr.v15i2.12

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…As shown in Table 3, the pH of the niosomal gels ranged from 6.4 to 7.3, which is within or close to the normal skin pH range (4-7). The results suggest the gel may be applied to the skin without irritating it [41,42]. Formulations F2 and F4 have the same pH as a commercially available gel (7.2).…”

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The viscosity of BEG (1%) was determined using a Brookfield viscometer (NDJ -5S Digital viscometer, Shangai Nirun Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd, China) using spindle 3. The measurement was started at 6 rpm and increased until it reached 30 rpm [24,25].…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The homogeneity of the niosomal gel was evaluated by visual inspection [24] and by pressing a small quantity of the gel between the index finger and the thumb.…”

Section: Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of physicochemical, in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Brachystegia eurycoma gum-based naproxen loaded niosomal gels

Okafo

Ordu

Ofagbor

et al. 2023

German J. Pharm. Biomaterials

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Protracted oral Naproxen administration for acute and chronic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis treatment, may cause peptic ulcers. The topical application of Naproxen will circumvent this effect. This research aims to assess the physicochemical, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Naproxen-loaded niosomal gels formulated using Brachystegia eurycoma gum (BEG) as the gelling polymer. BEG was isolated by acetone precipitation of filtrate produced by cold maceration of Brachystegia eurycoma seeds powder. Naproxen and BEG compatibility was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared FTIR) spectroscopy. Naproxen-loaded niosomes were produced with cholesterol, surfactant (tween 80) and water using a modified ethanol injection method. The formulated niosomes were incorporated into either BEG (5, 7.5 or 10%) or HPMC (1.5, 5%) gel base to produce the respective Naproxen-loaded niosomal gels. The niosomal gels were assessed for their physicochemical, antiinflammatory and analgesic properties using a commercially available gel as a positive control. There was no incompatibility between BEG and Naproxen. The formulated gels' pH ranged from 6.4 to 7.3, while the viscosity ranged from 1476.2 to 2980 mPas. The formulated gels had good extrudability and spreadability compared to the commercially available gel (1%). In-vivo studies using white albino rats showed that gels from the optimized formulation (F1) had comparable anti-inflammatory (26.5% inhibition) and analgesic properties to the commercially available gel (31.3% inhibition). Naproxen-loaded niosomal gels having good physicochemical, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were successfully formulated using BEG as a gelling agent.

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Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of physicochemical, in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Brachystegia eurycoma gum-based naproxen loaded niosomal gels

Okafo

Ordu

Ofagbor

et al. 2023

German J. Pharm. Biomaterials

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“…The creams were viewed under a microscope to examine their homogeneity (Hartiadi and Sahamastuti, 2020). Homogeneity was also examined by visual inspection (Okafo et al, 2019;Ubaid and Murtaza, 2016) and by pressing the cream between the thumb and index finger (Chen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of creams formulated using Pterocarpus santalinoides seeds methanol extract

Okafo¹,

Anie²,

Arerusuoghene³

et al. 2023

J App Pharm Sc

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To formulate Pterocarpus santalinoides seed methanol extract creams and evaluate them for antimicrobial activity. About 200 g of powdered dried seeds was macerated in 400 ml of methanol for 48 hours, and its collected filtrate was concentrated at 60°C using a rotary evaporator for 6 hours. The antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were evaluated. Six cream formulations, P1-P6, were formulated with or without varying the methanol extract concentrations of P. santalinoides. The creams were oil-in-water in nature, with good homogeneity, extrudability, spreadability, and ease of removal. The creams' pH was between 5.0 ± 0.29 and 5.5 ± 0.17. The viscosities of the formulations ranged from 3,600 to 48,950 mPas at 6 rpm and 1,240 to 6,390 mPas at 60 rpm using spindle 4. The microorganisms used were susceptible to the effect of the methanol extract at 100 mg/ml. All bacteria tested were also susceptible to the creams, but the fungi tested were susceptible only to formulations P4, P5, and P6. Creams with good physicochemical and antimicrobial activities against test organisms were successfully prepared using the methanol extract of P. santalinoides.

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“…Inoculated Petri-dishes were inverted and placed in an incubator at a temperature of 37 ºC for 24 hrs, after which Petri-dishes were examined for microbial growth, observations were recorded. 7,8 Gram test was carried out to classify organisms on their ability to retain the colour of the dye. Catalase, fermentation, oxidase, indole, H 2 S, MR -VP (Methyl Red and Voges -Proskauer test), urease, citrate utilization test, coagulase and MIU (Motility Indole Urease) test were carried out to identify the organisms isolated.…”

Section: Test For Microbial Growth and Isolation Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and antibiotic profile of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from aprons and tables used in abattoir located in Abraka and Obiaruku, Delta State, Nigeria

Anie

Okafo

Anthony

et al. 2022

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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This study was designed to investigate the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in aprons and tables used in abattoirs in Abraka and Obiaruku. A total of one hundred samples were obtained. Fifty samples were obtained from the aprons of butchers and meat vendors working in an abattoir located in Abraka and fifty samples from the sectioning tables in an abattoir located in Obiaruku using sterile swab sticks. Biochemical tests were carried out to characterize the bacterial isolates and susceptibility carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 50 aprons sampled, 47 were gram negative bacteria and 3 were gram positive bacteria. The bacteria were: Proteus spp. (16), Citrobacter spp. (15), Salmonella spp. (10), Shigella spp. (3), Aeromonas spp. (2), Providentia spp. (1), Mycobacterium spp. (1), Enterococcus spp. (1) and Streptococcus spp. (1). From the table samples, all 50 were gram negative bacteria. The gram-positive bacteria showed high susceptibility (100%) with high zones of inhibition to most antibiotics used. Gram-negative bacteria showed highest susceptibility to erythromycin (95.7%) This study reveals that aprons and tables of butchers and meat vendors at the abattoirs are reservoir of various bacteria, some of which are food borne pathogens and are multidrug resistant. The high prevalence of some of these organisms in this study coupled with their high antibiotic resistance profile is reflective of the poor hygiene practices carried out at the abattoirs in Abraka and Obiaruku and thus, pose a serious public health concern to the consumers of meat from such abattoirs. Keywords: Bacteria, isolates, abattoir, butchers, meat vendors

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Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial topical creams from ethanol extract of <i>Vernonia ambigua</i> leaves

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of physicochemical, in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Brachystegia eurycoma gum-based naproxen loaded niosomal gels

Evaluation of physicochemical, in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Brachystegia eurycoma gum-based naproxen loaded niosomal gels

Evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of creams formulated using Pterocarpus santalinoides seeds methanol extract

Incidence and antibiotic profile of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from aprons and tables used in abattoir located in Abraka and Obiaruku, Delta State, Nigeria

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