Formulation and Characterization of Waste Glasses with Varying Processing Temperature

Crystallization of iron‐containing sodium aluminosilicate glasses in the NaAlSiO4‐NaFeSiO4 join

“…For reference, the Fe0.2 in the current study is 10.8 wt % Fe 2 O 3 . The role of high levels of Fe oxide on crystallization has been studied in only a few cases [ Kim et al ., ; Stefanovsky et al ., , ]. At the Hanford site, ~12% of the total mass of waste is denoted “high Fe 2 O 3 ” which nominally contains more than 30 wt % Fe 2 O 3 [ Kim et al ., ] (i.e., like the x ≥ 0.6 samples studied here).…”

“…Although the melt nearest the canister wall is rapidly cooled, that portion of the melt in the centerline of the cylindrical canister cools slowly, promoting crystallization. Moreover, a majority of the projected Hanford HLW feeds will contain large amounts of Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O [Kim et al, 2011], and it is desirable to add the lowest possible amounts of SiO 2 as a glass-forming material to the wastes in order to maximize waste loading in the glass. The combination of Figure 1.…”

“…Although the melt nearest the canister wall is rapidly cooled, that portion of the melt in the centerline of the cylindrical canister cools slowly, promoting crystallization. Moreover, a majority of the projected Hanford HLW feeds will contain large amounts of Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O [ Kim et al ., ], and it is desirable to add the lowest possible amounts of SiO 2 as a glass‐forming material to the wastes in order to maximize waste loading in the glass. The combination of slow cooling rate, high concentrations of Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O, and low SiO 2 concentrations can cause nepheline crystallization as the composition tends toward the nepheline and carnegieite primary phase field on the normalized ternary phase diagram [ McCloy et al ., , ; Vienna et al ., ].…”

Development the Economical Chemical Treatment Plant for Chromium Recovery From Tannery Waste Water

“…Copper at 100 mg L -1 yields a 20 to 30% reduction in recovery in the presence of sulfate.Mercury gives a blue-purple color, but the reaction is not very sensitive at the pH employed for the test. Nitrite concentrations in excess of 10 mg L -1 as NO 2 yield low test results [11]. Sulfamic acid may be added (~10.1 g) prior to the addition of diphenylcarbazide solution to minimize nitrite interference if present.…”

Melting of glass batch: Model for multiple overlapping gas-evolving reactions

“…Yet hardly any mixture found in nature or industrial technology has as many components and undergoes as many reactions as melter feeds during vitrification of nuclear wastes [20,21]. The waste itself contains compounds of 40 to 60 elements [22] that react with glassforming additives on heating. Consequently, the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of high-level waste melter feeds reveals multiple overlapping peaks on the dSfdt versus T curve, where!…”