Formulation and Characterization of pH based Stimuli Sensitive based Hydrogels for the Treatment of Ocular Infection

Sethuraman, Nagalakshmi; Balu, Anbarasan; Selvaraj, Ramesh K.; Thanka, J; Shanmuganathan, S

doi:10.5530/jyp.2018.10.9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The diffractograms were recorded in the following conditions: volt 45 kV, current 30 mA, and room temperature. The scattering angle (2θ), which ranged from 10 to 90 °, was used to collect the data [19].…”

Section: X-ray Diffractometer (Xrdp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on How to Characterize and Evaluate the Ophthalmic in Situ Gel Preparations

et al. 2022

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In situ gelling systems are becoming one of the most popular and well-known, with many potential benefits from delivery systems, such as ease of use and ease of manufacture, improve adherence and patient comfort by minimizing the frequency of drug administration. In this review, we will describe the characterization and evaluation of the ophthalmic in situ gel preparation. Among them are physical evaluation (appearance and clarity, pH, isotonicity, gelation temperature, gelling capacity, viscosity, and stability), chemical evaluation (determining drug content, drug release), microbiological evaluation (sterility, ocular irritability, ocular tolerability, antimicrobial activity, hemolysis activity, bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test, preservative efficacy test (PET), microtetrazolium (MTT) reduction cytotoxicity test), and in vivo evaluation such as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Characterizing the chemical, physical, microbiological, and miscellaneous properties of ophthalmic in situ gel formulations can meet the ideal requirements and help determine the best formulation of ophthalmic in situ gel to achieve higher bioavailability values, longer contact times, minimize side effects, not causing irritation or liquid tear production, and providing a maximum therapeutic effect. In situ gels offer the primary requirement of a successful controlled release product that is increasing patient compliance.

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Section: X-ray Diffractometer (Xrdp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…high temperature, then evaluated in several parameters such as appearance and clarity, pH, viscosity, gelation capacity, drug content, or other parameters. The retention period varied across studies, such as at regular intervals for a period of 28 d [20], 35 d [34], 90 d [15], or 180 d [19,33], with a certain evaluation interval.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on How to Characterize and Evaluate the Ophthalmic in Situ Gel Preparations

et al. 2022

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“…Similarly, Sethuraman and co-authors also established ofloxacin with the same pH-responsive approach in the in situ gel [ 63 ]. The prototype formulation demonstrated excellent gelling capacity in contact with stimulated tears fluid (STF) with pH 7.4 at room temperature.…”

Section: Smart Ocular Delivery Using Stimuli-responsive In Situ Gel Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Stimuli-Responsive In Situ Gel System for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Contemporary Research

et al. 2021

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Eyesight is one of the most well-deserved blessings, amid all the five senses in the human body. It captures the raw signals from the outside world to create detailed visual images, granting the ability to witness and gain knowledge about the world. Eyes are exposed directly to the external environment; they are susceptible to the vicissitudes of diseases. The World Health Organization has predicted that the number of individuals affected by eye diseases will rise enormously in the next decades. However, the physical barriers of the eyes and the problems associated with conventional ocular formulations are significant challenges in ophthalmic drug development. This has generated the demand for a sustained ocular drug delivery system, which serves to deliver effective drug concentration at a reduced frequency for consistent therapeutic effect and better patient treatment adherence. Recent advancement in pharmaceutical dosage design has demonstrated that a stimuli-responsive in situ gel system exhibits the favorable characteristics for providing sustained ocular drug delivery and enhanced ocular bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive in situ gels undergo a phase transition (solution–gelation) in response to the ocular environmental temperature, pH, and ions. These stimuli transform the formulation into a gel at the cul de sac to overcome the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage and short contact time with the ocular surface This review highlights the recent successful research outcomes of stimuli-responsive in situ gelling systems in treating in vivo models with glaucoma and various ocular infections. Additionally, it also presents the mechanism, recent development, and safety considerations of stimuli-sensitive in situ gel as the potential sustained ocular delivery system for treating common eye disorders.

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“…Samples were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals and replaced with fresh buffer, and both drugs were analyzed using UV. [ 33 38 ] Curve fitting method was used to study the release kinetics of the optimum formula. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Aterials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Levofloxacin and Betamethasone Ophthalmic Emulgel

Sabry

Al-Shohani

Mahmood

2021

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

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Objective: Drug delivery to ocular tissues is challenging due to rapid removal of instilled drug due to low resident time in ocular tissues. The aim of the study was to formulate an ophthalmic emulgel that delivers two drugs (betamethasone sodium phosphate [BSP] and levofloxacin). The new combination will allow the simultaneous administration and extended release of the two drugs which potentially improve resident time in ocular tissues, patient compliance, and adherence to treatment. Materials and Methods: Formulations containing different gelling agents at different concentrations were prepared to choose the optimum combination regarding physical properties and release. The emulgel formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 were made using gelling agent 1% and 2% xanthan gum, 1% carbopole 934, and 2% methyl cellulose, respectively. F5 was formulated using 2% methyl cellulose with double the amount of poloxamer 188 as emulsifying agent. All the formulations were examined regarding their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimum formula was also examined for antibacterial activity. Results: The results demonstrated that F5 was the optimum formulation having a proper physical characteristics and release profile of both drugs, 96% and 90% for BSP and levofloxacin, respectively, compared to other formulations and commercial eye drops. Conclusion: Simultaneous and extended release of the two drugs was achieved using one formulation of emulgel. The ability to deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug through the same formulation without the need to use two drops will improve patient compliance and hence patient adherence to treatment.

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Formulation and Characterization of pH based Stimuli Sensitive based Hydrogels for the Treatment of Ocular Infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

A Review on How to Characterize and Evaluate the Ophthalmic in Situ Gel Preparations

A Review on How to Characterize and Evaluate the Ophthalmic in Situ Gel Preparations

Potential of Stimuli-Responsive In Situ Gel System for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Contemporary Research

Formulation and Evaluation of Levofloxacin and Betamethasone Ophthalmic Emulgel

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