Formulation and Characterization of a Kinetically Stable Topical Nanoemulsion Containing the Whitening Agent Kojic Acid

Yun, Gan Yi; Yahya, Nur Azzanizawaty; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Hamid, Mariani Abdul

doi:10.22146/ijc.56587

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The highest ratio of Tween 80 to water (1:4.875 v/v) produced the best PDI of 0.255 ± 0.006, corresponding to an average particle size of 90.57 1.401 nm, according to the study. The absence of phase separation nanoemulsion indicated good storage capability at low temperature (2°C) and room temperature (25°C) 48 . Ilke Kildaci, et al prepared and characterized Linum usitatissimum nanoemulsion for treating atopic dermatitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal nanocosmecuticals: A review on cosmeceutical innovation

Vaishampayan

Rane

2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Cosmeceuticals are drugs, cosmetics, or a combination of both.Cosmeceuticals are personal care products that not only beautify but also need to have healing, therapeutic, and disease-fighting characteristics. For decades, phytocompounds have been employed in cosmeceuticals and have shown potential in applications such as moisturizing, sunscreen, antiaging, and hair-based therapy. The inability of phytocompounds to easily penetrate through the skin and their instability limit their usage in cosmetic products. This can be overcome by incorporating nanotechnology into cosmetic products for a more stable and long-lasting release.Nanotechnology's substantial impact on the cosmetics industry is due to the improved properties attained by particles at the nano scale, such as color, solubility, and transparency. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, and many varieties of nanoparticulate systems are commonly used in cosmetics. Safety concerns for the usage of nanomaterials in cosmeceuticals have been raised lately, hence causing the restriction on the use of nanomaterials by cosmetic companies and enforcing laws demanding thorough safety testing prior to market entry.Aim: This review focuses on the types of nanomaterials used in phytocosmetics, along with the potential hazards they pose to human life and the environment, and what legislation has been enacted or can be enacted to address them. Methods:For relevant literature, a literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Nanotechnology, cosmeceuticals, herbal cosmetics, and other related topics were researched and evaluated in articles published between 2016 and 2022.Results: Herbal drugs provide a tremendous range of therapeutic benefits. And when nanoparticles were introduced to the personal care industry, the quality of the final product containing phyto-compounds continued to rise. Unfortunately, because these nano components can permeate intact skin barriers and create unwanted consequences, this revolution comes with a slew of health risks. Conclusion:The cosmeceutical industry's expansion and growth in the application of herbal compounds, as well as the entrance of nanotechnology into the cosmeceuticals business, entail the urgent need for scientific research into their efficacy, safety profile, and use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal nanocosmecuticals: A review on cosmeceutical innovation

Vaishampayan

Rane

2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…A very recent study on different formulations of oil-in-water (O/W) kojic acid nanoemulsion for topical application [100]. The study revealed various parameters to generate kinetically stable nanoemulsion at a recommended pH range of pH 4.95 to 5.18 for 6 weeks storage.…”

Section: Studies On Azelaic Acid-loaded Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in cosmeceutical nanotechnology for hyperpigmentation treatment

2022

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Hyperpigmentation is a common and major skin problem that affects people of all skin types. Despite the availability of various depigmentation active ingredients for skin hyperpigmentation disorder, none of them are completely satisfactory due to their poor permeability through the skin layer and significant toxicity, thereby causing severe side effects such as irritative dermatitis, erythema, itching, and skin flaking. Nanotechnology plays an important role in advancing the cosmeceutical formulation by improving the solubility, stability, safety, loading efficiency, and dermal permeability of the active ingredients. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive discussion on the application of various nanomaterials in improving cosmeceutical formulations used to treat hyperpigmentation. Focus is placed on elucidating the advantages that nanotechnology can bring to some common hyperpigmentation active ingredients such as hydroquinone, arbutin, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and retinoic acid to improve their efficacy in treating hyperpigmentation. Lastly, a total of 44 reported patents and articles of depigmenting compounds encapsulated by nanoparticles were filed and analyzed. Overall, lipid nanoparticles were found to be the most widely used nanomaterial in treating hyperpigmentation. Graphical abstract

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“…9 KA is inherently a hydrophilic drug, in contrast, hydrophobic active agents tend to absorb better into the stratum corneum, which poses a challenge in KA formulation. 9,10 This emphasizes the importance of using emulgel as a suitable vehicle for the penetration of KA over the stratum corneum of the skin. 11,12 Emulgels represent oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions that solidify through the addition of a gelling agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Furthermore, encapsulating KA within emulgel not bolsters the physicochemical stability of the system, preventing drug exposure into unwanted storage condition. 9,10 This encapsulation approach amplifies the delivery of the active ingredient by surmounting diffusion challenges posed by the stratum corneum barrier, ultimately ensuring a higher concentration of the active ingredient reaching the target area. 9 The adhesive properties of emulgel extend the contact period of the drug on the skin, enhancing its efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 This encapsulation approach amplifies the delivery of the active ingredient by surmounting diffusion challenges posed by the stratum corneum barrier, ultimately ensuring a higher concentration of the active ingredient reaching the target area. 9 The adhesive properties of emulgel extend the contact period of the drug on the skin, enhancing its efficacy. 11 The aim of this study is to formulate KA in both emulgel and simple gel dosage forms and to accurately evaluate their stability in the presence of antioxidant agents over time and under different environmental conditions, following the guidelines set by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), to make the most stable semi-solid formulation of kojic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of emulgel preparation on the stability of Kojic acid in the topical anti‐hyperpigmentation products

Khadivi,

Shakeri,

Arjmandmazidi

et al. 2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundThe emulgel, a novel drug delivery system, merges emulsion and gel, offering advantages like enhanced stability, precise control over drug release kinetics, and increased drug absorption compared to emulsions alone. Kojic acid (KA) demonstrates potent inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, a crucial player in the melanin synthesis pathway.AimsThe main objective of this experimental study is to formulate KA within an emulgel framework and assess its stability under various environmental conditions.MethodsOne percent of KA emulgel and 1% simple gel, serving as the control product, were supplemented with varying concentrations of sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) for its antioxidant properties. The formulations were segregated into four groups and subjected to diverse maintenance and stress conditions over a three‐month period. Monthly evaluations of physicochemical alterations were conducted, initially employing digital photography, followed by the extraction of KA and subsequent quantification of its concentration through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsThe best formulations for retaining KA among the prepared ones were the 0.25% SMBS KA emulgel and the 0.1% SMBS KA simple gel, capable of retaining 86% and 76% of the initial KA content under stress conditions, respectively (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsRegarding to this study, ideal storage condition for KA emulgel and simple gel is in the refrigerator temperatures. Moreover, optimal SMBS concentrations for stability enhancement are 0.25% for emulgel and 0.1% for the simple gel. A significant statistical difference was observed between refrigerated emulgel and simple gel in the retention of KA in the presence of optimum concentration of antioxidants (p < 0.0001).

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Formulation and Characterization of a Kinetically Stable Topical Nanoemulsion Containing the Whitening Agent Kojic Acid

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Herbal nanocosmecuticals: A review on cosmeceutical innovation

Herbal nanocosmecuticals: A review on cosmeceutical innovation

Advances in cosmeceutical nanotechnology for hyperpigmentation treatment

The effect of emulgel preparation on the stability of Kojic acid in the topical anti‐hyperpigmentation products

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