Rationale:
Microbubble (
MB
) contrast agents combined with ultrasound targeted microbubble cavitation (
UTMC
) are a promising platform for site-specific therapeutic oligonucleotide delivery. We investigated UTMC-mediated delivery of siRNA directed against epidermal growth factor receptor (
EGFR
), to squamous cell carcinoma (
SCC
) via a novel MB-liposome complex (
LPX
).
Methods: LPXs
were constructed by conjugation of cationic liposomes to the surface of C
4
F
10
gas-filled lipid MBs using biotin/avidin chemistry, then loaded with siRNA via electrostatic interaction. Luciferase-expressing SCC-VII cells (
SCC-VII-Luc
) were cultured in Petri dishes. The Petri dishes were filled with media in which LPXs loaded with siRNA against firefly luciferase (
Luc siRNA
) were suspended. Ultrasound (
US
) (1 MHz, 100-µs pulse, 10% duty cycle) was delivered to the dishes for 10 sec at varying acoustic pressures and luciferase assay was performed 24 hr later.
In vivo
siRNA delivery was studied in SCC-VII tumor-bearing mice intravenously infused with a 0.5 mL saline suspension of EGFR siRNA LPX (7×10
8
LPX, ~30 µg siRNA) for 20 min during concurrent US (1 MHz, 0.5 MPa spatial peak temporal peak negative pressure, five 100-µs pulses every 1 ms; each pulse train repeated every 2 sec to allow reperfusion of LPX into the tumor). Mice were sacrificed 2 days post treatment and tumor EGFR expression was measured (Western blot). Other mice (
n
=23) received either EGFR siRNA-loaded LPX + UTMC or negative control (
NC
) siRNA-loaded LPX + UTMC on days 0 and 3, or no treatment (“sham”). Tumor volume was serially measured by high-resolution 3D US imaging.
Results:
Luc siRNA LPX + UTMC caused significant luciferase knockdown vs. no treatment control,
p
<0.05) in SCC-VII-Luc cells at acoustic pressures 0.25 MPa to 0.9 MPa, while no significant silencing effect was seen at lower pressure (0.125 MPa).
In vivo,
EGFR siRNA LPX + UTMC reduced tumor EGFR expression by ~30% and significantly inhibited tumor growth by day 9 (~40% decrease in tumor volume vs. NC siRNA LPX + UTMC,
p
<0.05).
Conclusions:
Luc siRNA LPXs + UTMC achieved functional delivery of Luc siRNA to SCC-VII-Luc cells
in vitro
. EGFR siRNA LPX + UTMC inhibited tumor growth and suppressed EGFR expression
in vivo
, suggesting that this platform holds promise for non-invasive, image-guided targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA for cancer treatment.