Formatting Film Studies

Abstract

Film studies is currently undergoing a needed and healthy expansion of methodologies and critical approaches, including media, cultural and technology studies. This is crucial not just for examining cinemas present but also its past. Using format theory, this article opens up our understanding of what cinema has been, rather than what it should have been. It does this by documenting the minor technological footprint of movie theatres when compared to the expansive one consisting of 8mm and 16mm small-gauge projectors. In the United States by 1980, these portable devices,outnumbered commercial theatres by an estimated factor of 1000:1.

Black and White Propaganda Triggering the War in Afghanistan

“…Film as a kind of literary work has all artistic elements of literature before, like novel, drama, painting, music, dance, photography, and other literary works [9]. Literature and film the narrating discourse appears to provide the truth the real transparently.…”

“…Film is correlated with Popular Culture in America [9]. The popular culture is so wide to discuss that The researcher wants to see popular culture which is reflected on film as literary works, only.…”

Instant Failure: Polaroid's Polavision, 1977–1980

“…As Haidee Wasson writes, "The cinema we have long loved and often naturalised in our theories and histories is a highly specific one, utterly dependent on a normative industrial ideal that belies the contingency shaping one particular, persistent technological settlement." 9 What is dominant is too often misrecognized as what is essential. This naturalization occurs in numerous fashions, but today the construction of a monolithic notion of cinema often takes shape as the long-standing stability of its historical material support (photochemical film) and normative exhibition situation (the movie theater) are invoked in opposition to the manifold formats, traveling images, and flexible apparatuses of the digital.…”