Formation of water-resistant hyaluronic acid nanofibers by blowing-assisted electro-spinning and non-toxic post treatments

Electrospun adherent–antiadherent bilayered membranes based on cross-linked hyaluronic acid for advanced tissue engineering applications

“…Therefore, it is necessary to crosslink it to obtain a material stable in aqueous conditions. Many attempts have been done in this line, consisting in either a physical [12] or a chemical [13] crosslinking after the electrodeposition process, in order to obtain HA mats insoluble in water. In all these works the crosslinking was performed in a second step following the electrospinning process of the HA mat.…”

A review on electrospun bio-based polymers for water treatment

“…Typically, a critical voltage is required to eject the charged jet from the drop at the nozzle (Taylor cone) [15,62]. For instance as the concentration, or similarly, the viscosity increases, higher electrical forces are required to overcome both the surface tension and the viscoelastic forces for fibre stretching.…”

“…Aluminium foil [61] is usually used to collect the nanofibres. However, due to the difficulty to transfer the nanofibres from this collector [13,15], other collectors such as liquid baths [68], metal plates [69], grids [70], parallel or gridded bars [71,72], rotating disks [73], and rotating drums [74] were investigated as possible collectors. Different collectors used in electrospun nanofibres were recently reviewed in [46].…”

“…They are categorized according to the monomeric units that build up the complex polymeric structure, namely polynucleids (ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)), polypeptides (proteins), and polysaccharides (cellulose, and chitosan). The electrospinnability of most biopolymers is still a challenge because of numerous factors [11][12][13][14][15]. These include their rigid structure, high conductivity, high surface tension, and their gelation at fairly low concentrations.…”

“…Several routes have been proposed to improve their electrospinnability such as the use of copolymers [16] and the modification of the processing device [13,15]. A number of biopolymers, such as DNA [17], silk [18], chitosan [19], collagen [20], fibrinogen [21], gelatin [22], hyaluronic [13,15], cellulose [23], and alginate [24] were successfully electrospun into nanofibres for their application in various fields such as filtration, biomedical and tissue engineering. Only few of them were, however, applied in air and water treatment [25][26][27].…”