Formation of the Neoglacial Surge Moraines of the Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada

Driscoll, Fletcher G.

doi:10.1016/0033-5894(80)90004-6

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A similar process of fold production to that operating near glacier beds, caused by annual or longer variations in ice flow in valley glaciers and their tributaries, produces folds with initially presumably steep plunges near glacier sides where tributaries join, clearly marked by medial moraines (e.g. Rutter, 1965) and especially pronounced in periodically surging glaciers (Post, 1972;Driscoll, 1980;Lawson et al, 1994;Lawson, 1996;Hambrey and Lawson, 2000). This phenomenon is responsible for the spectacular folds seen on aerial photographs of many valley glaciers, and folds of this type have are found most dramatically in the piedmont Malaspina glacier (Fig.…”

Section: Foldsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Hudleston

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

111

139

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Glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps represent tectonic systems driven by gravity. Their movement can be studied in real time and the rheological properties and strength of ice determined from laboratory experiments and field measurements. All glacial ice has primary stratification, exhibited by variations in grain size, bubble content and debris content. As it deforms, with deformation dominated by plastic flow and recrystallization, accompanied locally by fracture under tension,, a suite of structures develops that reflects the primary fabric of the ice and the anisotropy that develops as a result of cumulative deformation. Initial variations in solid impurity content and strain dependent anisotropy as a result of a crystallographic fabric give rise to effective viscosity increases or decreases compared to isotropic polycrystalline ice of about a factor of ten. Foliation develops from inherited (mostly stratification) or introduced (mostly ice veins or fracture traces) fabric elements and from dynamic recrystallization. It is largely dependent on the accumulated strain, which is highest at the base and near the margins of glaciers, ice

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Section: Foldsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Hudleston

2015

Journal of Structural Geology

111

139

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“…Rutishauser 1971;Post 1972;Driscoll 1980;Lawson 1996) glacier, or the steady discharge of ice from nonsurge-type tributaries into a quiescent-phase surge-type glacier. Such structures are useful in identifying surge-type glaciers, even when there have been no documented surges (Fig.…”

Section: F O L D I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural styles and deformation fields in glaciers: a review

Hambrey

Lawson

2000

120

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at University of Birmingham on March 21, 2015 http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ Downloaded from (Overleaf) View down on the icefall of Glacier de Saleina, Valais, Switzerland. As the ice approaches a rock step, it accelerates and clean-cut transverse crevasses develop normal to the maximum extending stress. As the icefall steepens, linking crevasses develop, fracturing the ice more intensely, and producing leaning towers of ice (s~racs) which collapse to form ice-rubble. (Photo: M. J. Hambrey).Abstract: Early structural glaciological research focused on analysis of particular structures or on mapping of structural features at particular glaciers. More recently, glacier structures have been interpreted in the context of deformation rates and histories measured or estimated using a range of techniques. These measurements indicate that glacier ice experiences complex, polyphase deformation histories that can include a wide range of types, rates and orientations of strain. Deformation styles in glacier ice resemble those in rocks, but occur at a much faster rate, allowing direct measurements to be undertaken, and providing potentially useful models of rock deformation. Structural analysis in the context of measured deformation shows that a wide range of structures (e.g. folds, foliations, boudins, shear zones, crevasses and faults) develop in response to complex strain environments, but strain does not necessarily result in the generation of structures. In the future, threedimensional numerical modelling may be able to interpret and predict deformation histories and structural development.

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“…Agassiz Glacier is another surge-type that flows in an adjacent sinuous valley northwest of the Malaspina-Seward complex (Muskett et al, 2003;Sauber et al, 2005). The Klutlan Glacier is an 82-km long surge-type valley glacier located at elevations between 1300 and 2100 m; it has surged repeatedly over the last few hundred years (Wright, 1980;Driscoll, 1980). Walsh Glacier is a 90-km long surge-type valley glacier located at a higher elevation of about 1500-3000.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring the state and temporal evolution of glaciers using SAR-derived 3D time series of glacier surface flow

Samsonov¹,

Tiampo²,

Cassotto³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The direction and intensity of glacier surface flow adjust in response to a warming climate, causing sea level rise, seasonal flooding and droughts, changing landscapes and habitats. However, until recently no single technique could consistently measure the evolution of surface flow for an entire glaciated region in three-dimensions with high temporal and spatial resolutions. We have developed such a technique and use it to map, in unprecedented detail, the temporal evolution of five glaciers in southeastern Alaska (Agassiz, Seward, Malaspina, Klutlan and Walsh) during 2016–2020. We observe seasonal and interannual variations and the maximum horizontal and vertical flow velocity in excess of 1000 and 200 m/year, respectfully. We also observe culminating phases of surging at Klutlan and Walsh glaciers and confirm that Agassiz, Seward and Malaspina glaciers continue to adjust to a warming climate. On a broader scale, this technique can be used for reconstructing the response of worldwide glaciers to the warming climate using nearly 30 years of archived SAR data and for near real-time monitoring of these glaciers using rapid revisit SAR data from satellites, such as Sentinel-1 (6 days revisit period) and forthcoming NISAR (12 days revisit period).

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Formation of the Neoglacial Surge Moraines of the Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Structures and fabrics in glacial ice: A review

Structural styles and deformation fields in glaciers: a review

Measuring the state and temporal evolution of glaciers using SAR-derived 3D time series of glacier surface flow

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