Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds

Latif, Muhammad; Ferrara, Andrea

doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.41

Cited by 153 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 252 publications

(395 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the contrary, the initial growth of the other HSC quasars with sub-Eddington ratios require M seed 10 6 M seed black holes, if we assume the current growth speeds. This is even more massive than what the direct collapse model predicts (M seed ∼ 10 5−6 M ; Latif & Ferrara 2016). There is currently no plausible formation model for such an extremely heavy seed black hole.…”

Section: Implications On the Early Smbh Growthmentioning

confidence: 76%

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7

Onoue

Kashikawa

Matsuoka

et al. 2019

ApJ

135

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present deep near-infrared spectroscopy of six quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 with VLT/X-Shooter and Gemini-N/GNIRS. Our objects, originally discovered through a wide-field optical survey with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP), have the lowest luminosities (−25.5 mag ≤ M 1450 ≤ −23.1 mag) of the z > 5.8 quasars with measured black hole masses. From single-epoch mass measurements based on Mgii λ2798, we find a wide range in black hole masses, from M BH = 10 7.6 to 10 9.3 M . The Eddington ratios L bol /L Edd range from 0.16 to 1.1, but the majority of the HSC quasars are powered by M BH ∼ 10 9 M SMBHs accreting at sub-Eddington rates. The Eddington ratio distribution of the HSC quasars is inclined to lower accretion rates than those of Willott et al. (2010a), who measured the black hole masses for similarly faint z ∼ 6 quasars. This suggests that the global Eddington ratio distribution is wider than has previously been thought. The presence of M BH ∼ 10 9 M SMBHs at z ∼ 6 cannot be explained with constant sub-Eddington accretion from stellar remnant seed black holes. Therefore, we may be witnessing the first buildup of the most massive black holes in the first billion years of the universe, the accretion activity of which is transforming from active growth to a quiescent phase. Measurements of a larger complete sample of z 6 low-luminosity quasars, as well as deeper observations with future facilities will enable us to better understand the early SMBH growth in the reionization epoch. onoue@mpia-hd.mpg.de arXiv:1904.07278v2 [astro-ph.GA] 12 Jul 2019 2 Onoue et al.

show abstract

Section: Implications On the Early Smbh Growthmentioning

confidence: 76%

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7

Onoue

Kashikawa

Matsuoka

et al. 2019

ApJ

135

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, "CR7" has been suggested to harbor a direct-collapse black hole, a massive seed of a supermassive black hole (e.g., Dijkstra et al 2016;Latif & Ferrara 2016). It has also been suggested that "CR7" contains PopulationIII-like stars (e.g., Pallottini et al 2015;Sobral et al 2015), though the claim is still controversial (e.g., Bowler et al 2017b).…”

Section: A Sample Of Very Luminous Laesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies at 5.5 < z < 6.8: Program Overview and a Sample of the Brightest Lyα Emitters

Jiang

Shen

Bian

et al. 2017

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a spectroscopic survey of high-redshift, luminous galaxies over four square degrees on the sky, aiming to build a large and homogeneous sample of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z 5.7 » and 6.5, and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z 5.5 6.8 < <. The fields that we choose to observe are well studied, such as by the Subaru XMMNewton Deep Survey and COSMOS. They have deep optical imaging data in a series of broad and narrow bands, allowing for the efficient selection of galaxy candidates. Spectroscopic observations are being carried out using the multi-object spectrograph M2FS on the Magellan Clay telescope. M2FS is efficient enough to identify highredshift galaxies, owing to its 256 optical fibers deployed over a circular field of view 30¢ in diameter. We have observed ∼2.5 square degrees. When the program is completed, we expect to identify more than 400 bright LAEs at z 5.7 » and 6.5, and a substantial number of LBGs at z 6  . This unique sample will be used to study a variety of galaxy properties and to search for large protoclusters. Furthermore, the statistical properties of these galaxies will be used to probe cosmic reionization. We describe the motivation, program design, target selection, and M2FS observations. We also outline our science goals, and present a sample of the brightest LAEs at z 5.7 » and 6.5. This sample contains 32 LAEs with Lyα luminosities higher than 10 43 erg s −1 . A few of them reach 3×10 43 erg s −1 , comparable to the two most luminous LAEs known at z 6  , "CR7" and "COLA1." These LAEs provide ideal targets to study extreme galaxies in the distant universe.

show abstract

“…First, their very presence at such primeval cosmic times challenges models of the formation and growth of supermassive black holes (e.g., Volonteri 2010; Latif & Ferrara 2016). The current preferred models include the formation of black hole seeds from the direct collapse of massive gaseous reservoirs (e.g., Haehnelt & Rees 1993;Latif & Schleicher 2015), the collapse of Population III stars (e.g., Bond et al 1984;Alvarez et al 2009;Valiante et al 2016), the co-action of dynamical processes, gas collapse and star formation (e.g., Devecchi & Volonteri 2009), or the rapid growth of stellar-mass seeds via episodes of super-Eddington, radiatively inefficient accretion (e.g., Alexander & Natarajan 2014;Madau et al 2014;Pacucci et al 2015;Lupi et al 2016;Pezzulli et al 2016;Volonteri et al 2016;Begelman & Volonteri 2017 , assuming accretion at the Eddington limit and an efficiency of 10%; Volonteri & Rees 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Properties of 15 Quasars at z ≳ 6.5

Mazzucchelli

Bañados

Venemans

et al. 2017

ApJ

320

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quasars are galaxies hosting accreting supermassive black holes; due to their brightness, they are unique probes of the early universe. To date, only a few quasars have been reported at (<800 Myr after the big bang). In this work, we present six additional quasars discovered using the Pan-STARRS1 survey. We use a sample of 15 quasars to perform a homogeneous and comprehensive analysis of this highest-redshift quasar population. We report four main results: (1) the majority of quasars show large blueshifts of the broad C iv λ1549 emission line compared to the systemic redshift of the quasars, with a median value ∼3× higher than a quasar sample at ; (2) we estimate the quasars’ black hole masses ( (0.3–5) × 109 M ⊙) via modeling of the Mg ii λ2798 emission line and rest-frame UV continuum and find that quasars at high redshift accrete their material (with ) at a rate comparable to a luminosity-matched sample at lower redshift, albeit with significant scatter (0.4 dex); (3) we recover no evolution of the Fe ii/Mg ii abundance ratio with cosmic time; and (4) we derive near-zone sizes and, together with measurements for quasars from recent work, confirm a shallow evolution of the decreasing quasar near-zone sizes with redshift. Finally, we present new millimeter observations of the [C ii] 158 μm emission line and underlying dust continuum from NOEMA for four quasars and provide new accurate redshifts and [C ii]/infrared luminosity estimates. The analysis presented here shows the large range of properties of the most distant quasars.

show abstract

Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds

Cited by 153 publications

References 252 publications

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7

A Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies at 5.5 < z < 6.8: Program Overview and a Sample of the Brightest Lyα Emitters

Physical Properties of 15 Quasars at z ≳ 6.5

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About