Formation of Polymer Blends and Nano-Composites by Cryogenic Mechanical Milling

Stranz, Michael; Köster, Uwe; Katzenberg, Frank

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.24-25.609

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…5a). 70,71 The evolution of the microstructure during mechanical milling of ductile-brittle systems has also been described from a phenomenological viewpoint. Fragments generated may combine to form agglomerates with a sandwich microstructure.…”

Section: Fracture Dispersion and Agglomerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites

2015

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Solid state mixing", such as mechanical milling (MM), represents an ecological and economical alternative to achieve homogeneous dispersion of nano-fillers into biodegradable polymers. The advantage of working at low temperatures, without a solvent and with almost any type of polymer matrix, opens new and unexplored routes for the preparation of advanced functional materials. The use of mechanical milling contains within itself several advantages, including a strong reduction of environmental disposal, the control of the degradation processes associated with high temperature, the compatibilization of immiscible blends and the treatment of waste disposal and recycled materials. The simultaneous formation and dispersion of nanoparticles, the promotion of mechano-chemical reactions and the proper manipulation of thermo-sensitive active molecules such as antimicrobials, oxygen scavengers and antibiotics are other advantages of this process. The aim of the current work is to review the recent literature on the use of MM as a green technique to produce bio-nanocomposites. It is demonstrated how this technology could be considered an interesting option for the fabrication of novel nanostructured materials from environmental friendly resources. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

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Section: Fracture Dispersion and Agglomerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86 Milling overcomes some problems associated with conventional blending methods such as thermal degradation due to excessive heating in the melting process, or the difficulty in removing the polymer from the solvent if the solution method is used. 71 …”

Section: Mechano-chemistry Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites

2015

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“…PEO is known to be compatible with PCL, thus PEO residue may have strongly bonded to the PCL matrix. In addition, the high cryomilling forces may induce covalent chain scission, and subsequent chemical coupling of the blend components, often termed in situ compatibilization . Thus, the probable bonding or grafting of PEO onto PCL may have contributed to the higher scaffold hydrophilicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, compatibilization is needed to make blends with fine microstructures and good mechanical properties. In the CCM‐SPL technique, the solid‐state cryomilling is used to homogeneously blend and compatibilize the polymeric components . By using polymers with significantly different melting temperatures, PGA can be retained in the form of as‐milled particles at a processing temperature below its melting point, while PCL and PEO melt forming the co‐continuous matrix of the blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of co‐continuous poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyglycolide blend scaffolds for tissue engineering

Allaf

Rivero

Ivanov

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The apparent inability of a single biomaterial to meet all the requirements for tissue engineering scaffolds has led to continual research in novel engineered biomaterials. One method to provide new materials and fine‐tune their properties is via mixing materials. In this study, a biodegradable powder blend of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), polyglycolide (PGA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was prepared and three‐dimensional interconnected porous PCL/PGA scaffolds were fabricated by combining cryomilling and compression molding/polymer leaching techniques. The resultant porous scaffolds exhibited co‐continuous morphologies with ∼50% porosity. Mean pore sizes of 24 and 56 μm were achieved by varying milling time. The scaffolds displayed high mechanical properties and water uptake, in addition to a remarkably fast degradation rate. The results demonstrate the potential of this fabrication approach to obtain PCL/PGA blend scaffolds with interconnected porosity. In general, these results provide significant insight into an approach that will lead to the development of new composites and blends in scaffold manufacturing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42471.

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“…PEO is known to be rather compatible with PCL25; PEO residue may have been strongly bonded to the PCL in the scaffold. Furthermore, the high forces during cryomilling may induce covalent chain scission, which may result in chemical coupling of the blend components, often termed in situ compatibilization 26. Thus, the possible bonding or grafting of PEO onto PCL, increasing with cryomilling time, may have caused higher scaffold hydrophilicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds for load‐bearing tissue regeneration: Solventless fabrication and characterization

et al. 2013

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Three-dimensional interconnected porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds have been prepared by a novel solventless scaffold fabrication approach combining cryomilling and compression molding/porogen leaching techniques. This study investigated the effects of processing parameters on scaffold morphology and properties for tissue regeneration. Specifically, the effects of molding temperature, cryomilling time, and porogen mix were examined. Fifty percentage of porous scaffolds were fabricated with a range of properties: mean pore size from ∼40 to 125 μm, water uptake from ∼50 to 86%, compressive modulus from ∼45 to 84 MPa, and compressive strength at 10% strain from ∼3 to 4 MPa. Addition of 60 wt % NaCl salt resulted in a ∼50% increase in porosity in multimodal pore-size structures that depended on the method of NaCl addition. Water uptake ranged from ∼61 to 197%, compressive modulus from ∼4 to 8.6 MPa, and compressive strength at 10% strain from ∼0.36 to 0.40 MPa. Results suggest that this approach provides a controllable strategy for the design and fabrication of 3D interconnected porous biodegradable scaffolds for load-bearing tissue regeneration.

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Formation of Polymer Blends and Nano-Composites by Cryogenic Mechanical Milling

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites

Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites

Fabrication of co‐continuous poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyglycolide blend scaffolds for tissue engineering

Porous poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds for load‐bearing tissue regeneration: Solventless fabrication and characterization

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