Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites

Abstract

Solid state mixing", such as mechanical milling (MM), represents an ecological and economical alternative to achieve homogeneous dispersion of nano-fillers into biodegradable polymers. The advantage of working at low temperatures, without a solvent and with almost any type of polymer matrix, opens new and unexplored routes for the preparation of advanced functional materials. The use of mechanical milling contains within itself several advantages, including a strong reduction of environmental disposal, the control of the degradation processes associated with high temperature, the compatibilization of immiscible blends and the treatment of waste disposal and recycled materials. The simultaneous formation and dispersion of nanoparticles, the promotion of mechano-chemical reactions and the proper manipulation of thermo-sensitive active molecules such as antimicrobials, oxygen scavengers and antibiotics are other advantages of this process. The aim of the current work is to review the recent literature on the use of MM as a green technique to produce bio-nanocomposites. It is demonstrated how this technology could be considered an interesting option for the fabrication of novel nanostructured materials from environmental friendly resources. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

Enhanced Exfoliation Effect of Solid Auxiliary Agent On the Synthesis of Biofunctionalized MoS2Using Grindstone Chemistry

“…Recently, mechanochemistry has attracted much attention in nanocomposite synthesis, including the exfoliation of 2D, layered inorganic counterparts through different media, such as surfactant solutions, ionic liquids, suitable organic solvents, etc.. This opens up ecologically and economically sustainable routes for the preparation of advanced functional materials through simple mixing of all reagents and providing a significant energy input . Among the different media, ionic liquids (ILs), which are green organic solvents with properties such as non‐volatility, non‐flammability, good electrical conductivity, and low vapor pressure, can assist the preparation of nanocomposites by simple grindstone chemistry using mortar and pestle, which avoids the use of harmful solvents and toxic waste.…”

“…This opens up ecologically and economically sustainable routes for the preparation of advanced functional materials through simple mixing of all reagents and providing a significant energy input. [28][29][30] Among the different media, ionic liquids (ILs), which are green organic solvents with properties such as non-volatility, non-flammability, good electrical conductivity, and low vapor pressure, can assist the preparation of nanocomposites by simple grindstone chemistry using mortar and pestle, which avoids the use of harmful solvents and toxic waste. ILs-assisted grinding has found many applications in the field of synthetic chemistry and has been employed to successfully exfoliate 2D nanomaterials through matching the interlayer surface energy, [31][32][33] breaking up the covalent chemical bonds and disintegrating bulk crystals to achieve transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanodots, [34,35] as well as synthesizing MoS 2 decorated with a polymer toward enhanced material applications.…”

Crystallinity and surface state of cellulose in wet ball‐milling process

“…Thermal energy is also generated, mainly by the shear stress, and then released into the system. Subsequently, this process causes promotion of chemical reactions . Principally, the ball‐milling process is categorized into two types: dry and wet ball‐millings.…”

“…Subsequently, this process causes promotion of chemical reactions. 13 Principally, the ball-milling process is categorized into two types: dry and wet ball-millings. The above-mentioned mechanical comminution primarily occurs in the dry ball Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.…”

Mechanocatalytic Production of Lactic Acid from Glucose by Ball Milling

“…The energy produced from rub, compression, and impact induces the chemical reaction and synergic effect between the catalyst and substrate, and contributes to the formation of products [23]. A series of sample/ball mass ratios were studied to examine its influence on the ball milling process.…”