Formation of mackinawite by the microbial reduction of jarosite and its application to tidal sediments

Ivarson, K. C.; Hallberg, Rolf

doi:10.1016/0016-7061(76)90089-6

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The major constraint for phosphogypsum environmental bioremediation in situ is the presence of high concentrations of metals. Phosphogypsum has already been tested as an electron acceptor for SRB cultivation [11,13,33] but this is the first report on the isolation of a pure culture of SRB, which uses phosphogypsum as an electron acceptor. The strain is interesting as it not only produces high concentrations of sulfide from sulfate contained in phosphogypsum but it also tolerates the relatively high concentrations of heavy metals present in phosphogypsum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isolation and characterization of a mesophilic heavy-metals-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomicrobium sp. from an enrichment culture using phosphogypsum as a sulfate source

Azabou

Mechichi

Patel

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isolation and characterization of a mesophilic heavy-metals-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomicrobium sp. from an enrichment culture using phosphogypsum as a sulfate source

Azabou

Mechichi

Patel

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Raiswell 1982). For tidal sediments, Ivarson & Hallberg (1976) described the microbial reduction of jarosite (KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH)) that has previously been formed by the aerobic iron‐oxidizing bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans , into mackinawite, under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of organic matter, by the sulphate‐reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans . Mackinawite is a tetragonal iron sulphide (Berner 1962).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution of titanomagnetite and sulphidization in sediments from Lake Kinneret, Israel

Nowaczyk

2011

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YMagnetic extracts obtained from sediment cores recovered from Lake Kinneret, Israel, were subjected to comprehensive scanning electron microscope and in-line energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy analyses. A variety of ferrimagnetic iron oxides and iron sulphide particles were identified, along with apparently non-magnetic iron sulphides. The majority of the iron oxides are titanomagnetites that have undergone pervasive dissolution, and in many cases were only preserved as skeletal, 3-D lattices of ilmenite lamellae. Often the spaces between the submicron ilmenite lamellae are empty. Also sponge-like dissolution features are observed in some residual titanomagnetite grains. Another group of titanomagnetite grains is characterized by superficial shrinkage-cracks, which indicate low-temperature maghemitization. In some cases, these cracks appear to be where dissolution started. Most titanomagnetites contain impurities of Al, Mg, Si and Mn on the order of 1 per cent. Chromium-magnetites, with minor Ti, Mg and Al content on the order of a few percent, but without Mn, were also found. Chromium-magnetites mostly occur as octahedra in a well-preserved state, which indicates that they are less prone to dissolution. Magnetite spherules of 40-60 μm in size, which were mostly hollow, were only found in material collected from the outer zone of the core section that was in contact with the steel core barrel. These spherules were not found in material collected from the centre of the core. They are therefore interpreted as contaminants that were produced during fabrication of the steel core barrel. Iron sulphides are present as pyrite, either as larger aggregates of cubic crystals, each of up to 20 μm in size, or as 5-10 μm framboidal aggregates, consisting mostly about 0.3 μm idiomorphic octahedra. The cubic pyrite crystals have heterogeneous compositions. Pure pyrite should be non-magnetic, but even aggregates of up to 150 μm in size were magnetically separated. They probably therefore contain a magnetic core of greigite or overgrown titanomagnetite. The latter possibility is supported by observations of residual titanomagnetites with individual pyrite crystals residing directly on their surfaces, or filling space between ilmenite lamellae. Irregular aggregates of flaky, submicron iron sulphides were also found, which are interpreted to be greigite. The greigite has a low degree of visible crystallization. Pyrite and/or greigite grains were found inside the aggregates, or in agglomerates with organic remnants. Together, visual observations and elemental analyses provide clear evidence of pervasive dissolution of primary titanomagnetite and concurrent sulphidization of sediments from Lake Kinneret.

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“…The jarosite and gypsum crystals in the snottite form extracellularly; possible biological control over their formation can be neither excluded nor conclusively proven. Jarosite could present the electron acceptor for Acidiphilum species and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) (Ivarson and Hallberg, 1976;Bridge and Johnson, 2000). So far only a few studies describe snottite communities and their potential biogeochemical capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix composition and community structure analysis of a novel bacterial pyrite leaching community

Ziegler

Ackermann

Majzlan

et al. 2009

Environmental Microbiology

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Here we describe a novel bacterial community that is embedded in a matrix of carbohydrates and bio/geochemical products of pyrite (FeS(2)) oxidation. This community grows in stalactite-like structures--snottites--on the ceiling of an abandoned pyrite mine at pH values of 2.2-2.6. The aqueous phase in the matrix contains 200 mM of sulfate and total iron concentrations of 60 mM. Micro-X-ray diffraction analysis showed that jarosite [(K,Na,H(3)O)Fe(3)(SO(4))(2)(OH)(6)] is the major mineral embedded in the snottites. X-ray absorption near-edge structure experiments revealed three different sulfur species. The major signal can be ascribed to sulfate, and the other two features may correspond to thiols and sulfoxides. Arabinose was detected as the major sugar component in the extracellular polymeric substance. Via restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, a community was found that mainly consists of iron oxidizing Leptospirillum and Ferrovum species but also of bacteria that could be involved in dissimilatory sulfate and dissimilatory iron reduction. Each snottite can be regarded as a complex, self-contained consortium of bacterial species fuelled by the decomposition of pyrite.

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Formation of mackinawite by the microbial reduction of jarosite and its application to tidal sediments

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Isolation and characterization of a mesophilic heavy-metals-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomicrobium sp. from an enrichment culture using phosphogypsum as a sulfate source

Isolation and characterization of a mesophilic heavy-metals-tolerant sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomicrobium sp. from an enrichment culture using phosphogypsum as a sulfate source

Dissolution of titanomagnetite and sulphidization in sediments from Lake Kinneret, Israel

Matrix composition and community structure analysis of a novel bacterial pyrite leaching community

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