Formation of Graphitizing Carbons from the Liquid Phase

99/02731 The influence of pitch quality on anode carbon gasification

“…It has to be stressed that this bulk mesophase is a fluid phase and will move by thermal convection or by gas bubble displacement, etc. The variation of electron diffraction patterns across ultra-thin sections of spheres confirms that the constituent lamellar molecules, as shown in Fig.4.1, are aligned basically parallel to an equatorial plane but curve to meet the pitch interface with high angle (73).…”

Tar and Pitch

“…Anthracene oil at C is pumped from primary distillation into cylindrical vertically stirred coolers. It is cooled over 24-36 h to [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] C by indirect water cooling. Early sedimentation of crystals is prevented by a slowly rotating stirrer (ca.…”

Breaking the limits of structural and mechanical imaging of the heterogeneous structure of coal macerals

“…Similar challenges emerge in coal science, for example in natural processes such as metamorphic graphitization [1,2]. Transformation of kerogen, which is considered the main precursor of graphite in nature, depends on the molecular orientation of domains, and occurs at temperatures of at least 2000 °C [3][4][5]. Mechanical stress/strain can facilitate graphitization at much lower temperatures, however, through the alignment of aromatic lamellae, and the collapse and coalescence of pore walls [6,7].…”

“…Significant advances have been reported in obtaining spatially resolved structure of coal using confocal micro Raman for identification of inorganic [5] and ordered and disordered carbon components [3,[7][8][9], to study changes in the collotelinite, fusinite, macrinite macerals signatures as a function of coal rank [10,11,27,28], chars [15,16,29], and coke [17]. Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence allowed correlation of spatially-resolved coal maturity index with the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) [30].…”