Formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils in the conditions of Carpathian region

Abstract

Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility. Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.

Research Into Soil Resource Management Technologies in Context of Aggravating Exogenic Processes

“…It is necessary to define the role and position of every component in the package of erosionpreventive measures. For that purpose, the quantitative assessment of the water control, erosion protection, agronomic and economic efficiency of the erosion prevention package has to be done [Kachmar et al, 2018). It is facilitated by the considerable information database about the intensity of soil wash-off on slopes, the properties of denuded soils, the efficiency of individual erosion control measures and their packages that has been collected by now [Ivanov, 2007;Belolyubcev, 2009;Gomes et al, 2019;Kust et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2019].…”

Optimization of nutrition of crops in conditions of physicochemical degradation of acid soils

“…Due to intensive use agricultural land is observed their depletion and increasing load on the environment [2,3]. In Ukraine the area of acid soils is 10,3 million ha is 26,3% of the total area, every 4 th hectare of land is acidic, in zones Forest-Steppe and Polissya -almost every 2 nd (49,7 and 47,4%).…”

“…A feature of gray forest soils is violation of the physiological balance of the solution in the soil environment in the direction of increase acidity [1,3,4], low absorption capacity weak buffering, resulting in deteriorating physical and chemical properties [1,5], the activity of soil microorganisms and increasing the intensity of microbiological processes [6]. There is a decrease fertility, contaminated crop production products and deteriorating environmental new [7,8].…”

“…The ratio of batteries in agricultural plants did not depend on the dose of fertilizer, geographical or soilclimatic conditions, agrotechnical measures [1,3,9,[15][16][17][18]. It is possible argue that the ratio of these is a consequential (genetic) trait and can be taken as a genotypic species ratio and belong to only one biological species, or, as in our variety, variety or hybrid of agricultural culture.…”