Optimization of nutrition of crops in conditions of physicochemical degradation of acid soils

Abstract

Goal. Investigate and identify the features of the formation of physico-chemical degradation of gray forest soil under different anthropogenic load in grain crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. Against the background of a decrease in the aftereffects of radical chemical reclamation by 10-13 years, the application of an annual dose of alkaline earth elements taking into account the physiological characteristics of the crop (average 11,4 kg/ha and 4,6 kg/ha of calcium and magnesium, respectively), provides for 10-12 years close to neutral, and for 13 years of action weakly acid reaction of soil solution. In addition, there is a slight increase in the content of metabolic Ca and Mg in soil absorption complex, their content increases to 6,71-7,00 mg-eq/100 g of soil.The results of research on the impact of different agrochemical loads on gray forest soil with increasing doses of fertilizers, both in combination with and without radical chemical reclamation measures, obtained during 2016-2019, are presented. It is established that the use of intensive fertilizer systems without radical chemical reclamation leads to the deterioration of the physicochemical properties of gray forest soil. Conclusions. The use of a dose of mineral fertilizers on gray forest soil, calculated according to the species genotypic ratio of the content of elements in the biomass of the crop against the background of lime application, provides: optimization of crop nutrition, reduction of phosphorus and potassium, optimization of physicochemical, soil toxicity and soil properties Н + and Al 3+ . The optimal combination of N, P, K, Ca and Mg (216 k/ha in the ratio 1:0,4:0,5:0,3:0,1) in combination with seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, provides an increase in the level of productivity of the grain crop rotation to 5,45 t/ha of grain units and the payback of 1 kg of active substance of fertilizers to 15,6 kg of grain units. Physico-chemical degradation on acid soils with the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers can be partially prevented by saturating the soil absorption complex with exchange cations of alkaline earth metals, supplementing the fertilization system by applying small doses of Ca and Mg calculated on the basis of species content based on the recommended dose of nitrogen, an element that is limited to acidic soils.

Parameters of soil fertility and productivity of field crop rotation with the application of fertilizers and lime

“…Особливо великі резерви мають райони Лісостепу і Полісся України, де природно-кліматичні умови досить сприятливі для вирощування польових культур [2,3]. Однією з важливих проблем підвищення родючості їх ґрунтів є оптимізація агрохімічних властивостей, важливою складовою яких є кислотність ґрунтового середовища [4]. Поліпшенню агрохімічних властивостей не тільки збільшить, а й стабілізує по роках виробництво продукції рослинництва в Україні.…”