Formation of Cyanamides from Secondary Amines in Human Saliva

Js, Wishnok; Tannenbaum,

doi:10.1126/science.942593

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Oral use of morpholine in mice at the concentration of 2 g/kg of body weight caused nosebleed and gastric bleeding (20). The oral lethal dose of morpholine for mice (LD50) was 525 mg/kg of body weight (7,17). In a study by Van et al, 5 mM of morpholine labeled with carbon-14 by 435 mmol/kg was intravenously injected to 6 groups of male New Zealand rabbits (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of morpholine for 5-15 minutes caused severe necrosis on rabbits' skin (16). In a study, after oral treatment with N-nitrosomorpholine, the carcinogenic properties of this substance were studied in rats, mice, hamsters, and various types of fish (17). As a result, liver and lung cancer were reported in mice, liver and kidney cancer in rats, and liver cancer in hamsters (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study, after oral treatment with N-nitrosomorpholine, the carcinogenic properties of this substance were studied in rats, mice, hamsters, and various types of fish (17). As a result, liver and lung cancer were reported in mice, liver and kidney cancer in rats, and liver cancer in hamsters (17). In gavage with morpholine palmitate, about 7% of morpholine was excreted in stool (7,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, liver and lung cancer were reported in mice, liver and kidney cancer in rats, and liver cancer in hamsters (17). In gavage with morpholine palmitate, about 7% of morpholine was excreted in stool (7,17). This substance spreads in all body tissues (18) and has damaging and destructive effects on many tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of morpholine on changes in kidney tissue and white blood cells of NMRI male Albino mice

Zare

Adeli

Naeimi

et al. 2014

JOHE

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Background: Morpholine is a toxic substance used in industry and agriculture and can be absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and the skin. The present study aimed to assess the effect of morpholine and physiological serum ingestion on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of white blood cells and kidney tissue of white male mice. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 40 adult NMRI male Albino mice were placed in 4 groups; control group, physiological serum (sham) group, treatment group A [fed with 300 mg/kg of 1 ml of the prepared solution (0.009 ml morpholine + 0.091 ml of distilled water) per day for 15 days], and group B (the same volume of morpholine and physiological serum). After weighing, anesthesia, and blood sampling, all considered parameters were measured using MOTIC software. In addition, macroscopic and microscopic studies were conducted on prepared slides and obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: In group A, reduced thickness of the outer cortex of the kidney (proximal convoluted tubule), increased thickness of the inner cortex (Malpighian body's, distal convoluted tubule), and reduced external medulla (Henle's loop) were significant compared to the control group and sham group. However, no significant difference was found among the groups with regard to the internal medulla (collecting pipes). Moreover, the kidney gained weight compared to the whole body. Changes in white blood cells in group A were significant compared to group B. Conclusions: Stress morpholine causes changes in blood parameters, increased filtration, decreased reabsorption and absorption, weight loss, inflammation, hyperemia, urinary tract reconstruction and resulted polyuria. However, these impacts reduced via physiological serum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of morpholine on changes in kidney tissue and white blood cells of NMRI male Albino mice

Zare

Adeli

Naeimi

et al. 2014

JOHE

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Applications of gas chromatography in dental research

Stack

1979

Journal of Chromatography A

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N‐nitroso compounds: Their chemical andin vivoformation and possible importance as environmental carcinogens

Mirvish

1977

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Brief reviews are presented on the occurrence of N-nitroso (NNO) compounds, the chemistry and kinetics of NNO compound formation from nitrite and amines or amides, the in vivo formation of these compounds (as detected by tumor induction) on feeding nitrite with amines or amides to rodents, and the carcinogenicity for rats of some new nitrosamides. The possible human hazard caused by exposure to specific readily nitrosated compounds is reviewed. Whether NNO compounds might be causing human cancer of various organs (e.g., pancreatic, nasopharyngeal, and esophageal cancer) is discussed. Some of our results in [3H]thymidine incorporation in the rat esophageal epithelium are presented. Nitrosamines that cause esophageal cancer in rats were found to inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation, both in vivo and in vitro, when esophagi were incubated with nitrosamines. With reference to the hypothesis that human gastric cancer is caused by nitrosamides (e.g., nitrosoureas), certain correlations were examined between gastric cancer and environmental exposure to nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosatable amides. In studies from our laboratory, dried, salted fish, which was treated with excess nitrite at pH 1 and then "denitrosated" at pH O, yielded 16 mg methylurae/kh fish, possibly derived from methylguanidine.

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Formation of Cyanamides from Secondary Amines in Human Saliva

Abstract: 1-Morpholinocarbonitrile (1-cyanomorpholine) was formed from morpholine when this amine was incubated in whole human saliva. Several other secondary amines appeared to form analogous products, and this transformation may therefore represent a general metabolic pathway for amines in saliva.

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of morpholine on changes in kidney tissue and white blood cells of NMRI male Albino mice

Influence of morpholine on changes in kidney tissue and white blood cells of NMRI male Albino mice

Applications of gas chromatography in dental research

N‐nitroso compounds: Their chemical andin vivoformation and possible importance as environmental carcinogens

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