Formation of composite fuels by coating aluminum powder with a cobalt nanocatalyst: Enhanced heat release and catalytic performance

Application of different Nanocatalysts in industrial effluent treatment: A review

“…One of the first applications of nanoparticles is Catalysis. Several materials and elements such as silica, clays, titanium dioxide, iron, and aluminum have been applied as catalysts in nanoscale [31][32][33][34][35]. Nevertheless, there is no suitable explanation and the exact reason for nanoparticles' excellent catalytic behavior.…”

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe2O4

“…To achieve fast efficiency of propellant oxidizers additives are added to improve its decomposition process, which is easily prepared, easily separable, and environmentally friendly. [1][2][3][4] Research in the field of thermolysis of propellant oxidizers, namely ammonium perchlorate (AP), 3-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), ammonium nitrate (AN), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), is capturing increasing interest from decades to the present day for the enhancement of their decomposition performance, thermal stability, detonation properties, thermal sensitivity, and toxicity. 3,[5][6][7][8][9] Among these oxidants, AN is the widely used oxidizing agent due to its low-temperature and chlorine-free decomposition, which can replace AP-based propulsion systems.…”

“…3,[5][6][7][8][9] Among these oxidants, AN is the widely used oxidizing agent due to its low-temperature and chlorine-free decomposition, which can replace AP-based propulsion systems. 1,[10][11][12] AN-Based energetic materials are high in oxygen content, and upon decomposition, a large amount of heat and gaseous products are released. [13][14][15] The additives such as metals, metal oxides, organic-inorganic oxides, ferrites, and bimetal oxides have been reported to enhance the thermal decomposition of AN.…”

Nano-NiCuZnCo2O4: a promising catalyst for the fast thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in an energetic formulation

“…[11][12][13] Nano-sized transition metal oxides have been confirmed to have the best suitability as a catalyst due to their spinel structure, which can be used easily to tune the physicochemical properties that help fast proton or electron transfer processes during the thermal decomposition mechanism of AN. Among other transition metal oxides, [14][15][16] only the development of tri-transition metal oxides, mainly cobaltite, has been researched a little, and its catalytic performance on the thermolysis of AN has been reported.…”

“…The AN melts at B443 K, and is thermally decomposed at a temperature 4563 K, and as it is mixed with metallic and organic compounds the decomposition temperature decreases. After studying papers in the literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] on the decomposition mechanism of AN some of the important reaction steps are briefly discussed here. Naturally, AN has at least five different crystalline forms in which the tetragonal type is found in a cold temperature at BoÀ18 1C, whereas the other four types include two orthorhombic forms found with at two different temperature ranges (at BÀ18-32 1C and at B32-84 1C), the tetragonal phase is found between B84-125 1C, and the cubic phase is found between B125-169 1C.…”