Formation of Aqueous Colloidal Dispersions of Exfoliated γ-Zirconium Phosphate by Intercalation of Short Alkylamines

Abstract

A good exfoliation of layered γ-zirconium phosphate in aqueous medium at room temperature has been obtained by intercalation of short alkylamines such as methyl-, dimethyl-and ethyl-amine. No appreciable exfoliation was observed when butylamine or longer alkylamines were intercalated, while intermediate behavior was obtained with the intercalation of propylamine. Since a good exfoliation of this layered compound is an essential step for its functionalization by topochemical reactions with phosphonic or phosphinic acids, the amine intercalation compounds and the various steps of the intercalation processes were investigated in order to obtain information on the mechanism of the exfoliation and a model of this mechanism is proposed. The use of the colloidal dispersion of exfoliated lamellae for the preparation of auto-consistent and flexible membranes as well as thin supported films of γ-zirconium phosphate is described.

Surfactant intercalated α-hydroxides of cobalt and nickel and their delamination-restacking behavior in organic media

“…Exfoliation of layered structures such as graphite [4], MS 2 (M = Mo, W, Ti) [5], layered phosphonates [6,7], and clays [8] has been achieved by manipulation of interlayer interactions.…”

Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Colloidal Solution Containing Layered Rare-earth Hydroxide Nanosheets

“…Several layered compounds such as metal phosphates, 5 transition-metal dichalcogenides, 6 and metal oxides 7,8 were previously delaminated through the similar modification process including the exchange reaction of interlayer ions.…”

“…24 This class of compounds, called the layered rare-earth hydroxides (LRHs), is represented by the general formula RE 2 (OH) 5 X·nH 2 O where X is the organic or inorganic interlayer anions. LRHs are structurally similar to LDHs and composed of alternating positively charged hydroxocation layers and charge-compensating anion layers.…”

Delamination and aromatic amine intercalation of layered aluminophosphate with [Al3P4O16]3− stoichiometry

“…More energy is needed to form a larger interlayer distance phase. Alberti et al pointed out that the activation energy for intercalation is supplied by two sources: the energy released by protonation of the amines and the van der Waals force between the hydrophobic parts of the guest lay- ers [7,8]. So it is difficult for the weak bases aniline and 4-methylamine to supply enough energy to form the ordinary alkylamine intercalation phase, so several transient intercalation phases with lower activation energy are obtained.…”