Formation mechanism of silver nanocrystals made by ion irradiation of ion-exchanged sodalime silicate glass

Peters, D.P.; Strohhöfer, C.; Brongersma, Mark L.; Elsken, J. van der; Polman, A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00891-5

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The corresponding interparticle distance is about three particle diameters, too large for significant interparticle coupling. 26,37 Figure 3͑a͒ also shows that a decrease in particle spacing in the four-particle array increases the interparticle coupling, leading to an increased resonance redshift. At 1 nm spacing the simulated resonance occurs at 2.35 eV ͑528 nm͒.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles

et al. 2005

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Linear arrays of very small Ag nanoparticles ͑diameter ϳ10 nm, spacing 0 -4 nm͒ were fabricated in sodalime glass using an ion irradiation technique. Optical extinction spectroscopy of the arrays reveals a large polarization-dependent splitting of the collective plasmon extinction band. Depending on the preparation condition, a redshift of the longitudinal resonance as large as 1.5 eV is observed. Simulations of the threedimensional electromagnetic field evolution are used to determine the resonance energy of idealized nanoparticle arrays with different interparticle spacings and array lengths. Using these data, the experimentally observed redshift is attributed to collective plasmon coupling in touching particles and/or in long arrays of strongly coupled particles. The simulations also indicate that for closely coupled nanoparticles ͑1 -2 nm spacing͒ the electromagnetic field is concentrated in nanoscale regions ͑10 dB radius: 3 nm͒ between the particles, with a 5000-fold local field intensity enhancement. In arrays of 1-nm-spaced particles the dipolar particle interaction extends to over 10 particles, while for larger spacing the interaction length decreases. Spatial images of the local field distribution in 12-particle arrays of touching particles reveal a particlelike coupled mode with a resonance at 1.8 eV and a wirelike mode at 0.4 eV.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles

et al. 2005

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“…[13] The energy gap was about 0.8 eV, similar to that obtained in a previous scanning tunneling spectroscopy study. [14] After hydrogenation, a clear energy gap of 1.88 eV was observed in the MS sample, and the conductance increased almost linearly above the gap region, as shown in Figure 1c. The energy gap was modified to 4.4 eV in the hydrogenated SS sample, which is more severely widened compared to that of the hydrogenated MS sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The projected range of the Xe ions in silica is around 450 nm, considerably less than the diameter of the mask particles. During irradiation with heavy ions, silver nanocrystals are formed in the glass [14] in a layer determined by the range of the implanted ions. This layer of glass/silver nanocrystal composite has an elevated index of refraction in the blue and green region of the visible spectrum [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dispersive Micropatterns in Ion‐Exchanged Glass Formed by Ion Irradiation Through a Mask of Colloidal Particles

et al. 2002

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The optical properties of metallic nanostructures carry considerable interest both from a fundamental and an applications-oriented point of view. The negative values of the real part of the dielectric constant of certain metals, for example, allow the construction of metallodielectric photonic crystals with high dielectric contrast. [1,2] Enhanced transmission of light through apertures with dimensions smaller than the wavelength have led to an ongoing debate about its mechanism. [3,4] Nanometer-sized Ag/Ag 2 O nanoclusters on glass have been shown to hold potential for optical data storage. [5] The focus of this work is the optical constants of composite materials formed by metal nanocrystals in an insulating background material. They are the cause of various interesting optical properties of such materials both in the linear [6] and nonlinear regime. [7] As regards the optical properties, mainly the surface plasmon resonance absorption of such composites has been studied. [8±10] Paired with this absorption is a considerable variation of the real part of the index of refraction. [11,12] Silver nanocrystals in oxide glass have their plasmon resonance absorption in the violet region around 420 nm. The corresponding variation in the real part of the index of refraction of such composites extends from the ultraviolet to the green.The index of refraction of a glass containing silver ions can thus be changed by nucleating silver nanocrystals. In contrast to many other ions, silver can be introduced into oxide glasses containing network modifiers such as Na + or K + a posteriori via ion exchange, which allows for the incorporation of silver ion concentrations of several atomic percent. Silver nanocrystals can be formed by ion irradiation of the ion-exchanged glass. [13±15] This formation process, in contrast to annealing in a controlled atmosphere, opens the possibility to nucleate silver nanocrystals in selected regions of a sample only, and thereby changes the index of refraction. A regular pattern of index variations can find application as a diffraction grating, waveguide multiplexer, or photonic crystal. In this article we have explored the formation of such regular refractive index variations, making use of colloidal silica particles deposited on the ion-exchanged glass as an implantation mask. Colloidal particles self-organize on a flat substrate when the solvent evaporates, [16] forming a hexagonal array. Only in the spaces between the particles does formation of silver nanocrystals occur when the sample is irradiated with an ion beam. The outcome is a highly dispersive hexagonal pattern written directly into the glass substrate.The index of refraction of an unpatterned composite layer was estimated by reflection and transmission measurement according to the method described before. [12] The samples used for this purpose were prepared under identical conditions, but had been ion-irradiated without mask. Figure 1 shows the index of refraction of the planar ion-exchanged and ion-implanted layer estimated from r...

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“…The optical absorption of small metallic clusters embedded in a dielectric material, such as glass, can be described by the electric dipole approximation of Mie theory [29]. For nanocluster sizes below 20 nm, optical scattering contributions are negligible, and only the electric dipole term in the Mie expression has to be taken into account [29][30][31],…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver nanocluster formation in soda-lime silicate glass by X-ray irradiation and annealing

Zhang

Dong

Qiao

et al. 2007

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Formation mechanism of silver nanocrystals made by ion irradiation of ion-exchanged sodalime silicate glass

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles

Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles

Highly Dispersive Micropatterns in Ion‐Exchanged Glass Formed by Ion Irradiation Through a Mask of Colloidal Particles

Silver nanocluster formation in soda-lime silicate glass by X-ray irradiation and annealing

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