Formation and Evolution of Non-metallic Inclusions in Medium Mn Steel during Secondary Refining Process

Kong, Lingzhong; Deng, Zhiyin; Zhu, Miaoyong

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-118

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In the past decades, a lot of studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] were carried out to understand the formation of spinel inclusions. Generally, researchers believed that the spinel inclusions in steel were generated from the reaction between alumina inclusions and dissolved Mg in liquid steel; while in 2010 and 2012, Park et al 4) and Yang et al 19) summarized the formation mechanism, respectively, and different formation mechanisms were proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid the disadvantages of spinel inclusions, countermeasures to prevent spinel inclusions are considered, and the use of Ca is believed as an efficient measure. In industrial practice, 10,15,17) it is found that alumina inclusions generally transform into MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions in the beginning, and then transform into calcium aluminate inclusions in Al-killed steel grades. Many publications 15,[17][18][19][22][23][24][25][26] investigated the modification of spinel inclusions using Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions are generally found in steel, and required be controlled during steelmaking process due to the influences on continuous casting and the quality of final products. The present review aims to give an overall picture on the formation, evolution and removal of spinel inclusions. In this review, the reported formation mechanisms are reclassified, and the effects of Ca, Ti and Mn as well as rare earth on the evolution of spinel inclusions are summarized. Different methods with thermodynamic data sheets are also introduced for the calculation of phase stability diagram. To explain the evolution route of inclusions in industry, the sources and the formation kinetics of dissolved Mg and Ca are discussed. In addition, the agglomeration, separation and dissolution behaviors of spinel inclusions are considered, and the advantages of spinel inclusions are also addressed. Based on literature survey, some suggestions on the control of inclusions are given as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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“…In summary, the modification mechanism of Ce to spinel inclusions can be shown in Figure 6. Ce can modify the spinel inclusions into CeAlO 3 or Ce 2 O 2 S. There are three main modification paths: 1 Spinel can directly transform into CeAlO 3 by Ce, namely spinel → Ce-Al-O + Mg-Al-O → CeAlO 3 , which can be proved by the complex inclusion shown in Figure 3a. 2 After Ce treatment, spinel can be preferentially transformed to CeAlO 3 .…”

Section: Thermodynamics Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It can be applied to many body structure parts including automobile A-pillars, B-pillars, anticollision beams, and sill reinforcement. Industrial experimental studies have shown that (Mn,Mg)O•Al 2 O 3 -and MgO•Al 2 O 3 -type spinel inclusions will form during refining of aluminum deoxidized medium manganese steel [1]. Spinel inclusions are generally angular and have high hardness, which is the main cause of stamping and cracking defects in automotive steel [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification Mechanism of Spinel Inclusions in Medium Manganese Steel with Rare Earth Treatment

Liu

2019

Metals

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In aluminum deoxidized medium manganese steel, spinel inclusions are easily to form during refining, and such inclusions will deteriorate the toughness of the medium manganese steel. Rare earth inclusions have a smaller hardness, and their thermal expansion coefficients are similar to that of steel. They can avoid large stress concentrations around inclusions during the heat treatment of steel, which is beneficial for improving the toughness of steel. Therefore, rare earth Ce is usually used to modify spinel inclusions in steel. In order to clarify the modification mechanism of spinel inclusions in medium manganese steel with Ce treatment, high-temperature simulation experiments were carried out. Samples were taken step by step during the experimental steel smelting process, and the inclusions in the samples were analyzed by SEM-EDS. Finally, the experimental results were discussed and analyzed in combination with thermodynamic calculations. The results show that after Ce treatment, the amount of inclusions decrease, the inclusion size is basically less than 5 μm, and the spinel inclusions are transformed into rare earth inclusions. After Ce addition, Mn and Mg in the spinel inclusions are first replaced by Ce, and the spinel structure is destroyed to form CeAlO3. When the O content in the steel is low, S in the steel will replace the O in the inclusion, and CeAlO3 and spinel inclusions will be transformed into Ce2O2S. By measuring the total oxygen content of the steel, the total Ce content required for complete modification of spinel inclusions can be obtained. Finally, the critical conditions for the formation and transformation of inclusions in the Fe-Mn-Al-Mg-Ce-O-S system at 1873K were obtained according to thermodynamic calculations.

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“…The size distribution of each type of inclusions in remelted ingots are shown in inclusions that are easily generated by traditional metallurgy process, 14,15) the Al 2 O 3 inclusions in remelted ingot are tiny and dispersed, and no aggregated cluster-like Al 2 O 3 inclusions were detected in remelted ingots. Figure 6 presents the map scanning of Ca-containing complex inclusions in remelted ingots.…”

Section: Inclusions In Remelted Ingotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Calcium Treatment H13 Steel during Electroslag Remelting Process

Wang

Shi

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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In the current study, the evolution of inclusions in H13 steel electrode with different Ca content refined through ESR process were analyzed, the formation and evolution of sulfide and oxide inclusions during ESR process was determined based on experiments and thermodynamic calculation. The results showed: The inclusions of remelted ingot were Al 2 O 3 , CaO-Al 2 O 3-CaS and CaO-Al 2 O 3-MgO-CaS, more than half of the total inclusions were smaller than 3 μm. The cleanliness and inclusions of remelted ingot had no difference with different Ca content in electrode. MnS inclusions in electrode precipitated while the solid fraction reached 0.98. MnS inclusions cannot precipitate due to the low level of S content in remelted ingot and the decrease of Mn and S segregation on the front edge of solidified shell. The low-meltingtemperature inclusions were dissolved and disappeared completely before liquid metal droplets collected in the liquid metal pool. The different of local cooling intensity during ESR process and high Al 2 O 3 content of liquid inclusion in molten pool promoted the formation of large amount of tiny Al 2 O 3 inclusions in remelted ingot.

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Formation and Evolution of Non-metallic Inclusions in Medium Mn Steel during Secondary Refining Process

Abstract: Industrial and laboratory experiments were carried out to understand the formation and evolution mechanism of non-metallic inclusions in medium Mn steel during secondary steelmaking process.

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Modification Mechanism of Spinel Inclusions in Medium Manganese Steel with Rare Earth Treatment

Formation and Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Calcium Treatment H13 Steel during Electroslag Remelting Process

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