Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Deng, Zhiyin; Liu, Zonghui; Zhu, Miaoyong; Huo, Liqiao

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-352

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…As can be seen, the typical inclusion in the steel before slag treatment was mainly single Al 2 O 3 (Fig. 14 As frequently reported in previous studies, 44,45) the Al…”

Section: Evaluation Of Different Al 2 O 3 -Bearing Slags Onsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of Al2O3 on Viscosity and Refining Ability of High Basicity Slag for Heat-resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhang

Ran

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

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“…As can be seen, the typical inclusion in the steel before slag treatment was mainly single Al 2 O 3 (Fig. 14 As frequently reported in previous studies, 44,45) the Al…”

Section: Evaluation Of Different Al 2 O 3 -Bearing Slags Onsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of Al2O3 on Viscosity and Refining Ability of High Basicity Slag for Heat-resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhang

Ran

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

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“…In contrast, the reaction between [Ca] and MgO– x Al 2 O 3 inclusions with high (MgO) content was limited because the (CaO) contents of some CaO– x MgO– y Al 2 O 3 inclusions were less than that of the inclusion of “area A”. At the same time, it should be noted that steel A‐S2 was sampled after Ca‐containing ferrosilicon addition for 10 min, and MgO crucible continued to supply [Mg] to steel at this stage, [ 40,41 ] which resulted in the (MgO) content increase of MgO– x Al 2 O 3 inclusions as expressed in Equation (4)

false[Ca false] + false(x +1/3 false) {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} = CaO– x {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} + 2/3 false[Al false]

false[Ca false] + MgO– x {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} = CaO– x {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} + false[Mg false]

x false[Ca false] + y MgO– z {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} = x CaO - (y - x) MgO - z {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3} + x false[Mg false]

false[Mg false] + false(x +1/3 false) {({Al}_{2} O_{3})}_{inclusion} = {(MgO– x {Al}_{2} {normalO}_{3})}_{inclusion} + 2/3 false[Al false]

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study on the Formation of Endogenous CaO‐Containing Inclusion in Gear Steel SCr420H during the Simulated LF Refining Process without Ca Treatment

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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In steelmaking, CaO-containing inclusions exceeding 13 μm, which was named as "DS-type" inclusion in Chinese national standard GB/T-10 561-2005, should be controlled in Al-killed steel for automobile part (such as gears, bearings, and crankshaft) because it is easy to become a source of fatigue cracks in steel. [1][2][3][4][5] Monnot et al. [6] found that CaO-containing inclusion with larger size is more harmful than other type inclusions. In 2007, Kawakami et al. [7] proposed that intrinsic reaction is one of the important reasons for the formation of CaO-containing inclusion in the refining process. Miao et al. [8,9] found that spinel inclusion served as a core wrapped in some CaO-containing inclusion with large size, which indicates that these inclusions were transformed from the reaction between spinel inclusions and dissolved Ca in the molten steel during the refining process, and the researcher concluded that controlling the concentration of Ca, Al, and O in the molten steel can affect the formation of such inclusions. Some researchers of Baosteel [10][11][12] studied the formation mechanism of CaO-containing inclusion with large size and found that the concentration of Ca was an important factor for the formation of such inclusion in gear steel. They proposed that Ca treatment should be prohibited in the industrial production of gear steel. Jiang et al. [13] found that CaO-containing inclusion can collide and agglomerate at the solid-liquid interface and then form inclusions with a larger size during solidification. From the above research, it can be seen that the formation, agglomeration, and growth of endogenous CaO-containing inclusions with small size is one of the significant reasons for the formation of CaOcontaining inclusions with large size because there are sufficient kinetic conditions to promote the polymerization and growth of CaO-containing inclusions in industrial production. Therefore, it is a method to control CaO-containing inclusions with large size by preventing the increase of Ca concentration and the formation of large amounts of CaO-containing inclusions with small size.Much literature revealed the formation mechanism of CaO-containing inclusions in Al-killed steel. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] It can be summarized as 1) Ca treatment modified MgO-Al 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 to calcium aluminate inclusion [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] ; 2) High basicity slag supplied dissolved Ca to steel by slag-steel reaction and modified

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“…Many studies have been conducted on the formation mechanism and composition control of MgO•Al 2 O 3 inclusions. [4][5][6][7][8] Regarding the composition change of the inclusions in high-Cr steels after aluminum addition, Todoroki et al 9,10) and Liu et al 11) studied that the composition change of the inclusions in high-Cr steels after aluminum addition to the Fe-18msss%Cr-8mass%Ni alloy and Fe-11mass%Cr alloy, respectively. The experimental conditions and the results of their experiments are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Conditions Of Mgo and Mgo•al 2 O 3 Formation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al2O3 Formation and Variation of Inclusions Formed in Fe-17mass%Cr Steel at 1873 K

et al. 2021

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Demands for cleanliness of high chromium steel have been increasing. In steel refining process, aluminum is usually added in molten steel as a deoxidizing agent. As a result, such inclusions as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and spinel (MgO•Al 2 O 3 ) are formed, which cause fatigue failures and surface defects. Therefore, it is important to understand the conditions of the inclusions which form in high chromium steel, and to reduce their harmful effects on steel qualities. In this work, to begin with, thermodynamic conditions of MgO and MgO•Al 2 O 3 formation in Fe-17mass%Cr molten steel at 1 873 K were investigated. The results showed that MgO is more stable in high chromium steel than in plain steel. The boundary of the stable condition of MgO and MgO•Al 2 O 3 shifts toward higher Al and lower Mg contents in high Cr steel. This cause is judged to be the effect of thermodynamic interaction between Cr and Mg. The interaction parameter of Cr on Mg was estimated to be 0.040 so that the boundary of stable condition of MgO and MgO•Al 2 O 3 can be explained. Moreover, phase stability diagram of Fe-Cr-Al-Ca-Mg-O system at 1 873 K was developed to estimate the effect of chromium on the stable condition of MgO, MgO•Al 2 O 3 and CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 (l). Subsequently, the variations of inclusions which formed in Fe-17mass%Cr molten steel were also investigated at 1 873 K. The variations of inclusions in molten Fe-Cr steel were reasonably explained by considering the stable conditions of MgO and MgO•Al 2 O 3 investigated in this work.

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Cited by 44 publications

References 110 publications

Effect of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Viscosity and Refining Ability of High Basicity Slag for Heat-resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel

Effect of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Viscosity and Refining Ability of High Basicity Slag for Heat-resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel

Laboratory Study on the Formation of Endogenous CaO‐Containing Inclusion in Gear Steel SCr420H during the Simulated LF Refining Process without Ca Treatment

Thermodynamic Conditions of MgO and MgO∙Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Formation and Variation of Inclusions Formed in Fe-17mass%Cr Steel at 1873 K

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