Formation and decomposition of dioxins and related compounds in fluidized bed incinerators

Influence of Postcombustion Temperature Profiles on the Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBzs, and PCBs in a Pilot Incinerator

“…At higher temperatures, 600 °C, or under oxygen deficient conditions, degradation or dechlorination/hydrogenation reactions dominated (6,7). Investigations in MSW incinerators revealed that levels of PCDD/Fs in the stack far exceed those measured in the furnace (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). These findings support the low-temperature surface-catalyzed reaction mechanisms suggested by Shaub and Tsang (14).…”

Fly ash mediated reactions of phenol and monochlorophenols: oxychlorination, deep oxidation, and condensation

“…It has been shown (10) that homogeneous gas-phase reactions cannot be the sole source of levels of PCDDs and PCDFs found in effluents of MWIs. In recent years, evidence has been gathered that fly ash promotes the postfurnace formation of PCDD/Fs in MWIs [especially near the electrostatic precipitator (ESP)], resulting in levels of PCDD/Fs in the stack that by far exceed those measured in the furnace (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Moreover, the degree of chlorination of the PCDD/Fs increases as the effluent gas moves toward the stack (13).…”

The Effect of the Electric Field on the Formation of PCDD in Electrostatic Precipitators

“…The following is a mechanism for the formation of O described by Vahid [29]. 02 + e=>0 + O + e (4) 02 + O + M<=>03 + M (5) O + 030202 (6) …”

“…Tanaka [3] and Tanaka et al [4] reported PCDD levels in the gas phase and dust phase at the inlet and exit of an ESP; there was a threefold increase in the gas phase PCDD across the ESP (Table 2). In some cases the total PCDD leaving the ESP is less than that entering the ESP because of the collection of particles (and hence particle-laden PCDD) in the ESP.…”