Formation and composition of rhabdophane, bastnäsite and hydrated thorium minerals during alteration: Implications for geochronology and low-temperature processes

Berger, Alfons; Gnos, Edwin; Janots, Émilie; Fernandez, Alain; Giese, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.006

Cited by 119 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Phosphate and silicate minerals rich in REE and Y, especially monazite, xenotime, apatite and allanite, are among the most widespread accessory phases in common granitic and metamorphic rocks and their compositions and alterations are commonly used as petrogenetic indicators (e.g., Wark and Miller 1993;Petrík et al 1995Petrík et al , 2006Bea 1996;Gratz and Heinrich 1997;Heinrich et al Editorial handling: L. Nasdala Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00710-016-0432-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 1997; Finger et al 1998;Förster 1998aFörster , b, 2006Poitrasson et al 2000Poitrasson et al , 2002Pyle et al 2001;Spear and Pyle 2002;Wing et al 2003;Kohn and Malloy 2004;Broska et al 2005;Johan and Johan 2005;Ondrejka et al 2007Ondrejka et al , 2012Berger et al 2008;Janots et al 2008;Uher et al 2009;Budzyń et al 2010Budzyń et al , 2011Harlov et al 2011;Middleton et al 2013 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For example, the most widespread breakdown products of monazite-(Ce) include apatite (often REE-rich), the ThSiO 4 phase (huttonite or thorite), and allanite-(Ce) to REE-rich epidote or clinozoisite which commonly form concentric corona-like textures around a partly dissolved monazite core (e.g., Broska and Siman 1998;Finger et al 1998;Broska et al 2005;Petrík et al 2006;Budzyń et al 2011;Upadhyay and Pruseth 2012;Lo Pò et al 2016). In some environments, bastnäsite-or synchysite-group minerals originated as replacement products of monazite or allanite (e.g., Majka and Budzyń 2006;Berger et al 2008;Budzyń et al 2010;Ondrejka et al 2012), while overgrowths of secondary, sulphur-rich monazite on primary S-poor monazite emanated from specific metamorphic-hydrothermal conditions (Pršek et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fluid-driven destabilization of REE-bearing accessory minerals in the granitic orthogneisses of North Veporic basement (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

et al. 2016

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A variety of rare earth elements-bearing (REE) accessory mineral breakdowns were identified in granitic orthogneisses from the pre-Alpine basement in the Veporic Unit, Central Western Carpathians, Slovakia. The Ordovician granitic rocks were subjected to Variscan metamorphic-anatectic overprint in amphibolite facies. Chemical U-Th-Pb dating of monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) reveal their primary magmatic Lower to Middle Ordovician age (monazite: 472 ± 4 to 468 ± 6 Ma and xenotime: 471 ± 13 Ma) and/or metamorphic-anatectic Variscan (Carboniferous, Visean) age (monazite: 345 ± 3 Ma). Younger fluid-rock interactions caused breakdown of primary magmatic and/or metamorphic-anatectic monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), fluorapatite and allanite-(Ce). Fluid-induced breakdown of xenotime-(Y) produced numerous tiny uraninite inclusions within the altered xenotime-(Y) domains. The monazite-(Ce) breakdown produced secondary egg-shaped coronal structures of different stages with welldeveloped concentric mineral zones. Secondary sulphatian monazite-(Ce) (up to 0.15 apfu S) occasionally formed along fluorapatite fissures. Localized fluorapatite and monazite-(Ce) recrystallization resulted in a very fine-grained, nonstoichiometric mixture of REE-Y-Fe-Th-Ca-P-Si phases. Finally, allanite-(Ce) decomposed to secondary REE carbonate minerals (members of the bastnäsite and synchysite groups) and calcite in some places. Although the xenotime alteration and formation of uraninite inclusions is believed to be the result of dissolution-reprecipitation between early magmatic xenotime and late-magmatic granitic fluids, the monazite, apatite and allanite breakdowns were driven by metamorphic hydrothermal fluids. While earlier impact of postmagmatic fluids originated probably from Permian acidic volcanic and microgranitic veins crosscutting the orthogneisses, another fluid-rock interaction event most likely occurred during Late Cretaceous metamorphism in the Veporic basement and covering rocks. This stage indicates carbon-bearing fluids precipitating the carbonate minerals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluid-driven destabilization of REE-bearing accessory minerals in the granitic orthogneisses of North Veporic basement (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

et al. 2016

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“…Transformation of allanite to secondary REE carbonate minerals (mainly bastnäsite and synchysite) has been described in numerous cases in various magmatic and metamorphic rocks e.g., [45][46][47][48][49]. However, such alteration of allanite is usually associated with clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite), and also with thorite, fluorite, and magnetite without carbonate minerals in some cases [45,50].…”

Section: The Mäkärä Vaulo Area In the Tana Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements Deposits and Occurrences in Finland

et al. 2018

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Rare earth elements (REE) have critical importance in the manufacturing of many electronic products in the high-tech and green-tech industries. Currently, mining and processing of REE is strongly concentrated in China. A substantial growth in global exploration for REE deposits has taken place in the recent years and has resulted in considerable advances in defining new resources. This study provides an overview of the mineralogical and petrological peculiarities of the most important REE prospects and metallogeny of REE in Finland. There is a particularly good potential for future discoveries of carbonatite hosted REE deposits in the Paleozoic Sokli carbonatite complex, as well as in the Paleoproterozoic Korsnäs and Kortejärvi Laivajoki areas. This review also provides information about the highest known REE concentration in the alkaline intrusions of Finland in the Tana Belt and other alkaline rock hosted occurrences (e.g., Otanmäki and Katajakangas). Significant REE enrichments in hydrothermal alteration zones are also known in the Kuusamo Belt (Uuniniemi and Honkilehto), and occurrences of REE-rich mineralisation are also present in granite pegmatite bodies and greisens in central and southern Finland (Kovela monazite granite and the Rapakivi Granite batholith at Vyborg, respectively). REE minerals in all of the localities listed above were identified and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobes (EMPs). In localities of northern and central Finland, both primary rock forming and epigenetic-hydrothermal REE minerals were found, namely phosphates (monazite-Ce, xenotime-Y), fluorcarbonates (bastnäsite-Ce, synchysite), and hydrated carbonates (ancylite-Ce), hydrated aluminium silicates (allanite-Ce, Fe-allanite, cerite, chevkinite), oxides (fergusonite, euxenite) and U-Pb rich minerals. The chondrite normalized REE concentrations, the La/Nd ratios and the REE vs. major element contents in several types of REE bearing minerals from prospects in Finland can be used to identify and define variable REE fractionation processes (carbonatites), as well as to discriminate deposits of different origins.

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“…The local presence of ilmenite may point to lower f O 2 condition there, consistent with the relatively high Mn content (≤4.65 wt.% MnO) (Cassidy et al 1988). (iii) The increasingly large positive Ce anomalies found in the phases during successive alteration stages may be taken to be a result of oxidising conditions affecting the valency of Ce (Gieré and Sorensen 2004;Pettke et al 2005;Mayer et al 2014;Berger et al 2008;Uher et al 2009). However, the anomalies may equally be related to preferential partitioning of Ce into the fluids.…”

Section: Nature Of Hydrothermal Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal metasomatism of a peralkaline granite pegmatite, Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Mongolian Altai; complex evolution of REE-Nb minerals

Bagiński

Jokubauskas

Domańska−Siuda

et al. 2016

Acta Geologica Polonica

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ABSTRACT:Bagiński B., Jokubauskas P., Domańska-Siuda J., Kartashov P. and Macdonald, R. 2016 Hydrothermal metasomatism of a peralkaline granite pegmatite, Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Mongolian Altai; complex evolution of REE-Nb minerals. Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (3), 473-491. Warszawa.The low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of certain rare-metal minerals is recorded in a quartz-epidote metasomatite from the Tsakhirin Khuduk occurrence in the Khaldzan-Buragtag Nb-REE-Zr deposit, Mongolian Altai. A peralkaline granitic pegmatite was metasomatized by hydrothermal fluids released from associated intrusions, with the formation of, inter alia, chevkinite-(Ce), fergusonite-(Nd) and minerals of the epidote group. The textural pattern indicates recrystallization and coarsening of these phases. Later, low-temperature alteration by fluids resulted in the chevkinite-(Ce) being replaced by complex titanite-TiO 2 -cerite-(Ce)-hingganite-hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) assemblages. Calcite formed late-stage veins and patches. The hydrous fluids were poor in F and CO 2 but had high Ca contents.

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Formation and composition of rhabdophane, bastnäsite and hydrated thorium minerals during alteration: Implications for geochronology and low-temperature processes

Cited by 119 publications

References 46 publications

Fluid-driven destabilization of REE-bearing accessory minerals in the granitic orthogneisses of North Veporic basement (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Fluid-driven destabilization of REE-bearing accessory minerals in the granitic orthogneisses of North Veporic basement (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Geology and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements Deposits and Occurrences in Finland

Hydrothermal metasomatism of a peralkaline granite pegmatite, Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Mongolian Altai; complex evolution of REE-Nb minerals

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