Formation and characterization of flower-like carbon nitride by pyrolysis of melamine

Bai, Xinjiao; Cao, Chuanbao; Xu, Xiaojing

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2010.07.008

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Further theoretical work indicated g‐C 3 N 4 to be the most stable allotrope at ambient conditions 67. 77–79 The synthesis and characterization of g‐C 3 N 4 is a challenging task by itself, and to date a large number of different experimental attempts have been made 17. 23, 80–87 A very detailed description of the development of these approaches was recently given by Kroke,29 Antonietti,41 Blinov,60 and Matsumoto88 et al.…”

Section: A Brief Development History Of Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry

2011

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Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride materials (for simplicity: g-C(3)N(4)) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their similarity to graphene. They are composed of C, N, and some minor H content only. In contrast to graphenes, g-C(3)N(4) is a medium-bandgap semiconductor and in that role an effective photocatalyst and chemical catalyst for a broad variety of reactions. In this Review, we describe the "polymer chemistry" of this structure, how band positions and bandgap can be varied by doping and copolymerization, and how the organic solid can be textured to make it an effective heterogenous catalyst. g-C(3)N(4) and its modifications have a high thermal and chemical stability and can catalyze a number of "dream reactions", such as photochemical splitting of water, mild and selective oxidation reactions, and--as a coactive catalytic support--superactive hydrogenation reactions. As carbon nitride is metal-free as such, it also tolerates functional groups and is therefore suited for multipurpose applications in biomass conversion and sustainable chemistry.

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Section: A Brief Development History Of Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry

2011

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“…The synthetic procedure of g-C 3 N 4 has a strong effect on its S BET . When g-C 3 N 4 facet coupled with I-TiO 2 , the surface area of g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composite photocatalyst decreased with increasing the content of g-C 3 N 4 (Figure 7c) due to the blockage of the mesopores of I-TiO 2 by g-C 3 N 4 [22,23]. The S BET of g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 is larger than that of the pure g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 , implying interactions between g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 because of the nanometric size and the well distribution of TiO 2 particles within the composite.…”

Section: Preparation Of G-c 3 N 4 /I-tio 2 Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and application in water purification of g-C3N4/I-TiO2 composite photocatalysts

Alfaifi¹,

Bagabas²

2019

Adv Mater Sci

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Novel g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composite photocatalytic systems, having various wt/wt% of g-C 3 N 4 : 0, 30, 40, and 50, were successfully designed and were prepared hydrothermally. The eventually prepared specimens were characterized spectroscopically by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), solid-state ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas were estimated by nitrogen physisorption, while their morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activities of g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composites were evaluated by the oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) via the irradiation of visible-light having wavelength greater than 420 nm. Tetragonal anatase phase of TiO 2 and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) were detected for the prepared composite catalysts. The composite photocatalyst samples were found to have aggregate semi-spherical particles, as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) investigation. g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composite photoactive component was incorporated in varying amounts of g-C 3 N 4 , and the resulting composites were proved to have improved photoactivity over the composite containing only I-TiO 2 . Under optimal experimental condition, the 40wt% g-C₃N₄/I-TiO 2 composite photocatalyst exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. g-C 3 N 4 has the ability to absorb the incident photons, resulting in exciting the electrons between the frontier orbitals. These excited electrons, in turn, move to I-TiO 2 via the interfacial border, hindering the recombination of the photo-induced electrons and holes, and thus, improving the performance of the photpcatalyst. This work presented novel g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composite photocatalyst that can be used in waste water remediation. g-C 3 N 4 /I-TiO 2 composite is a material of particular interest due to its chemical and photo-corrosion stability.

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“…[67,[77][78][79] Aber selbst die Herstellung eines ideal kondensierten g-C 3 N 4 ist eine Herausforderung an sich, und bisher findet man eine Vielzahl verschiedener Syntheseversuche, die alle gewissen Einschränkungen aufweisen. [17,23,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Ein detaillierterer Vergleich dieser verschiedener Ansätze wurde erst kürzlich von Kroke, [29] Antonietti, [41] Blinov [60] und Matsumoto et al [88] verçffentlicht. Aufgrund des Fehlens von experimenteller Evidenz sind die Existenz eines graphitischen Materials mit der idealen Zusammensetzung C 3 N 4 sowie mçgliche Strukturmodelle immer noch Gegenstand der Diskussion.…”

Section: Eine Kurze Geschichte Des Kohlenstoffnitridsunclassified

Polymeres graphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid als heterogener Organokatalysator: von der Photochemie über die Vielzweckkatalyse hin zur nachhaltigen Chemie

2011

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Polymere graphitische Kohlenstoffnitrid‐Materialien (vereinfacht g‐C3N4), die nur aus C, N und Spuren von H bestehen, sind in den letzten Jahren wieder verstärkt in das Zentrum des Interesses gerückt, wohl auch wegen der Ähnlichkeit zu Graphit. g‐C3N4 ist anders als Graphit ein Halbleiter mit mittlerer Bandlücke und damit ein effektiver (Photo)‐Katalysator für eine ganze Reihe von Reaktionen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die “Polymerchemie” des synthetischen Aufbaus, wie die Bandlagen und die Bandlücke durch Copolymerisation und Dotierung verändert werden können und wie Änderungen der Festkörpertextur die Effektivität dieses heterogenen Organokatalysators verbessern können. g‐C3N4 und seine Modifikationen zeigen eine sehr hohe thermische und chemische Stabilität und katalysieren eine ganze Reihe von “Traumreaktionen”, wie die photochemische Spaltung von Wasser, milde und selektive Oxidationsreaktionen, oder – als coaktiver Katalysatorträger – superschnelle Hydrierungen. Da Kohlenstoffnitrid metallfrei ist, toleriert es funktionelle Gruppen und ist daher für Vielzweckanwendungen in der Umwandlung von Biomasse und in der nachhaltigen Chemie geeignet.

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Formation and characterization of flower-like carbon nitride by pyrolysis of melamine

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry

Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable Chemistry

Preparation, characterization, and application in water purification of g-C3N4/I-TiO2 composite photocatalysts

Polymeres graphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid als heterogener Organokatalysator: von der Photochemie über die Vielzweckkatalyse hin zur nachhaltigen Chemie

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