Formation and biological affinity evaluation of crystallographically aligned hydroxyapatite

2013

Materials

227

153

Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.

Section: Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

2013

Materials

227

153

“…Furthermore, an addition of defects through an intensive milling [ 683 , 684 ] or their removal by a thermal treatment [ 685 ] can be used to modify a chemical reactivity of calcium orthophosphates. In addition, more attention should be paid to crystallographically aligned calcium orthophosphate bioceramics [ 686 ].…”

Section: Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics In Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphates as Bioceramics: State of the Art

2010

JFB

214

112

In the late 1960s, much interest was raised in regard to biomedical applications of various ceramic materials. A little bit later, such materials were named bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30–40 years. Namely, by structural and compositional control, it became possible to choose whether calcium orthophosphate bioceramics were biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics—which is able to promote regeneration of bones—was developed. Presently, calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are available in the form of particulates, blocks, cements, coatings, customized designs for specific applications and as injectable composites in a polymer carrier. Current biomedical applications include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Exploratory studies demonstrate potential applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, as well as carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.

“…Besides, more attention should be paid to a crystallographically aligned calcium orthophosphate bioceramics [758].…”

Section: Bioceramic Scaffolds From Calcium Orthophosphatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Application of Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics

2011

BIO

In the late 1960's, a strong interest was raised in biomedical applications of ceramic materials (named bioceramics a little bit later). Bioceramics was initially used as reasonable alternatives to metals in order to increase their biocompatibility. However, within a short period, it has grown into a diverse class of biomaterials, presently including three essential types: relatively bioinert, bioactive (or surface reactive) and bioresorbable bioceramics. This review is limited to bioceramics prepared from calcium orthophosphates only, which belong to the categories of bioactive and bioresorbable compounds. There have been a number of important advances in this field during the past 30 -40 years. The research was shifted from an initial study on the develop-ment of bioinert bioceramics towards bioactive and bioresorbable bioceramics, and these different types of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics can be tuned through the structural and compositional control. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics has been developed to promote a regeneration of bones. Current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include artificial replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmenttation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Potential future applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics are demonstrated in drug delivery systems, effective carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and/or various types of cells for tissue engineering purposes.