Formate dehydrogenase contributes to the early Arabidopsis thaliana responses against Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris infection

Marzorati, Francesca; Vigani, Gianpiero; Morandini, Piero; Murgia, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101633

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Notably, the accumulation of FDH transcript has been documented under several unfavourable conditions, suggesting that FDH might be considered a stress-responsive enzyme in plants (Alekseeva et al, 2011). Most recently, evidence for FDH as part of the early response against the leaf infection by the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) has been shown (Marzorati et al, 2021): the local accumulation of formate due to a decrease in FDH expression has been proposed as a possible signal for plant defense responses to pathogen's entry through the hydathodes (Marzorati et al, 2021). Taken together, these findings on FDH would strongly suggest it as a possible node of the multiple interactions between plant immune responses and Fe homeostasis, as proposed in Figure 2.…”

Section: ) Plant Fe Uptake Soil and Microorganisms: The Plant Holobiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds

Murgia

Marzorati

Vigani

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient since photosynthesis, respiration, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and many other cellular processes depend on adequate Fe levels. Nonetheless, non-complexed Fe ions can be dangerous for cells, as they can act as a pro-oxidant. Therefore, plants possess a complex homeostatic control system for safely taking up Fe from the soil, transporting it to the various cellular destinations and for its subcellular compartmentalization. At the end of the plant’s life cycle, maturing seeds are loaded with the required amount of Fe for germination and early seedling establishment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how the microbiota in the rhizosphere influence and interact with the strategies adopted by plants to take up iron from the soil. We also focus on the process of seed loading with Fe and take into account the Fe metabolism in wild crops’ relatives. These aspects of plant Fe nutrition can represent promising avenues for a better comprehension of the long road of Fe from soil to seeds.

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Section: ) Plant Fe Uptake Soil and Microorganisms: The Plant Holobiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds

Murgia

Marzorati

Vigani

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…In addition, the immune signaling hub formed by the proteins ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) – PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) – ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1) was shown to be involved in restricting hydathode colonization. On top of that, a formate dehydrogenase (AtFDH1), known to be involved in several abiotic stresses, is linked to restricting hydathodes from being colonized by Xcc [27]. Hence, it becomes apparent that an effective, post-invasive immune response exists in plants against bacteria in hydathodes, yet the causal receptors for this tissue-specific immune recognition remain elusive to this date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydathode immunity against the vascular pathogenXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris by the Arabidopsis CNL-type receptor SUT1

Taks,

van Hulten,

van Splunter-Berg

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bacterial plant pathogens exploit natural openings, such as pores or wounds, to enter the plant interior and cause disease. Plants actively guard these openings through defense mechanisms that have been described extensively for stomates, the most common points of entry. However, bacteria from the genusXanthomonashave specialized in that they enter their host via hydathodes—a poorly studied organ at the leaf margin involved in guttation. While hydathodes can mount an effective immune response against bacteria, a dedicated perception mechanism still needs to be discovered. To identify a hydathode-specific immune receptor, we mapped a novel resistance gene againstX. campestrispv. campestris (Xcc) in Arabidopsis using an inoculation procedure that promotes natural entry via hydathodes. Using Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) between susceptible accession Oy-0 and resistant Col-0, a QTL for resistance was identified on the right arm of Chromosome 5 in Col-0. Combining this finding with results of a genome-wide association analysis, a single candidate gene was fine-mapped that encoded a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CNL) immune receptor protein called SUPPRESSOR OF TOPP4 1 (SUT1). Whereas the ZAR1 immune receptor acts in the vasculature against Xcc, we establish that SUT1 already restricts Xcc in hydathodes but is ineffective in the vasculature. In corroboration, we confirm promoter activity ofSUT1in the epithem tissue within hydathodes. Altogether, we provide evidence for an NLR that confers hydathode-specific resistance in Arabidopsis against infection by Xcc.Author summaryBlack rot disease, caused by the bacterial pathogenXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris (Xcc), is an economically relevant disease of cabbage crops. Xcc is rather unique in that it enters the plant interior through specialized organs at the edge of the leaf. These structures called hydathodes contain water pores and are involved in leaf water regulation. Although we know that hydathodes can mount an immune response against these bacteria, specific immune receptors still need to be discovered. In our search for hydathode resistance mechanisms, we use the model plantArabidopsis thalianato identify genetic targets that could be translated to cabbage breeding practices. Here, by screening large populations of genetically diverse Arabidopsis plants, we could pinpoint a genetic locus that is involved in hydathode resistance. On this locus, we identified a gene,SUT1, that confers resistance against Xcc, restricting early hydathode colonization by the bacteria and reducing subsequent disease symptoms. Interestingly, this resistance is ineffective in later stages of infection when the bacteria colonize the plant vascular system. Therefore, this study provides new insights in hydathode-specific resistance and opens doors for more research on these tissue- or organ-specific resistance mechanisms in plants.

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“…Formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the NAD-linked oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. As a component of one-carbon metabolism in plants, most FDHs play an important role in response to various stresses in higher plants [21][22][23][24][25][26]. A previous report has shown that FDH1 regulates programmed cell death (PCD) in pepper against bacterial pathogens [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional role of formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1) for host and nonhost disease resistance against bacterial pathogens

Lee

Vemanna

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Nonhost disease resistance is the most common type of plant defense mechanism against potential pathogens. In the present study, the metabolic enzyme formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1) was identified to associate with nonhost disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, AtFDH1 was highly upregulated in response to both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens. The Atfdh1 mutants were compromised in nonhost resistance, basal resistance, and gene-for-gene resistance. The expression patterns of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) marker genes after pathogen infections in Atfdh1 mutant indicated that both SA and JA are involved in the FDH1-mediated plant defense response to both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens. Previous studies reported that FDH1 localizes to mitochondria, or both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Our results showed that the AtFDH1 mainly localized to mitochondria, and the expression level of FDH1 was drastically increased upon infection with host or nonhost pathogens. Furthermore, we identified the potential co-localization of mitochondria expressing FDH1 with chloroplasts after the infection with nonhost pathogens in Arabidopsis. This finding suggests the possible role of FDH1 in mitochondria and chloroplasts during defense responses against bacterial pathogens in plants.

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Formate dehydrogenase contributes to the early Arabidopsis thaliana responses against Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds

Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds

Hydathode immunity against the vascular pathogenXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris by the Arabidopsis CNL-type receptor SUT1

Functional role of formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1) for host and nonhost disease resistance against bacterial pathogens

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