Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde associated with the use of natural gas as a fuel for light vehicles

Corrêa, Sérgio Machado; Arbilla, Graciela

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.042

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This fact has been largely discussed in recent papers. 5,6 Briefly, Corrêa and Arbilla 5 reported that the formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio increased from 1.0 to 4.5 for the period 1998-2002. In 1999, ratios in the range 0.71-2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…compounds emitted from other sources, as for example, the channel of the Faria Timbó river; the presence of several trash incinerators and a methanol factory in the vicinity of the sampling location. 5,13 Another possible source of formaldehyde is the high flux of diesel vehicles, mainly trucks, in Leopoldo Bulhões street, next to the sampling local. A mean formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio of 1.7 was obtained by De Andrade et al 21 for a commercial area in Salvador, Brazil, in which the predominant traffic is diesel-fueled buses.…”

Section: Air Quality Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in the last two years an increase of the formaldehyde concentrations was observed, while the acetaldehyde concentrations remained approximately constant. 5,6 A number of monitoring campaigns have been undertaken in regions of high vehicular traffic density in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in particular at Presidente Vargas Avenue, the largest artery in downtown, in the period 1998-2003 and in the commercial-residential area of Saens Peña Square (Tijuca) in the period 2002-2003. [6][7][8][9] This work differs from the previous monitoring campaigns in Presidente Vargas Avenue and Tijuca, in two main aspects.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental and theorical study of the air quality in a suburban industrial-residential area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rodrigues

Milas

Martins

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho, dados de poluentes legislados e não legislados foram obtidos em uma região industrial-residencial no Rio de Janeiro, no período de abril a novembro de 2002. As concentrações de formaldeído e acetaldeído encontradas estavam na faixa de 25,25-231,73 ppb e 9,48-75,74 ppb respectivamente. Estas altas concentrações podem ser atribuídas a diversas fontes: emissões veiculares e industriais, a presença de incineradores de lixo, efluentes e rejeitos despejados no rio Faria Timbó e emissões de uma industria de metanol. As concentrações médias de BTEX foram: 1,92, 9,02, 6,37, 21,65 e 5,99 μg m -3 para benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno, m,p-xileno e o-xileno, respectivamente. As concentrações médias de PM 10 mostram valores máximos para o mês de outubro, abril e junho. As concentrações obtidas nas simulações foram para o mês de agosto usando um modelo de trajetórias. A concentração máxima de ozônio calculada foi de 39,8 ppb, as 15:00 horas, obtendo uma boa concordância com os dados experimentais (38,5 ppb). A isopleta de ozônio mostra que o local está em uma região alta de VOC/NO x , típica de áreas suburbanas e a favor do vento.In this work, data for criteria and non-criteria pollutants were obtained in a suburban industrial-residential area in Rio de Janeiro, from April to November 2002. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were found in the ranges 25.25-231.73 ppb and 9.48-75.74 ppb, respectively. These high concentrations may be attributed to several sources: vehicular and industrial emissions, the presence of several trash incinerators, effluents and waste rejected in the Faria Timbó river and emissions from a methanol industry. Average BTEX concentrations were: 1.92, 9.02, 6.37, 21.65 and 5.99 μg m -3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene, respectively. PM 10 concentrations showed maximum mean values in October, April and June. Simulated concentrations were obtained for August 2002 using a trajectory model. The maximum calculated ozone concentration was 39.8 ppb, at 3:00 pm, in good agreement with experimental data (38.5 ppb). The ozone isopleths show that the local is in the high VOC/NO x region, typical of suburban and downwind areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Quality Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and theorical study of the air quality in a suburban industrial-residential area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rodrigues

Milas

Martins

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The higher concentrations indoors and in urban areas are due to the numerous sources of direct emission of this compound. [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Formaldehyde emissions have received a great deal of attention due to their known mutagenic and carcinogenic nature and their toxicity, which is manifested by irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, nausea, headache, tiredness and thirst. 1,6 Although there is no evidence of the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in humans, the specific effects of continuous exposure on infants, young children and pregnant women have yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sampling systems most commonly used for collecting atmospheric formaldehyde are impingers containing acidic solutions of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH), bisulfite-coated cellulose filters or denuders and cartridges (Florisil, silica or C18) coated with 2,4-DNPH, followed by quantification by gas chromatography/FID or liquid chromatography/ UV-Vis. 2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, chromatographic methods are slow, laborious and not specific for formaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-continuous analyzer for the fluorimetric determination of atmospheric formaldehyde

Sousa¹,

Oliveira²,

Alves³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho descreve o analisador semi-contínuo (FORMAL-FLU) sensível e seletivo para determinação fluorimétrica de formaldeído no ar atmosférico. O método é baseado na reação entre formaldeído e Fluoral-P, produzindo o derivado fluorescente 3,5-diacetil-1,4-diidrolutidina (DDL), que quando excitado em 410 nm, emite fluorescência em 510 nm. O analisador consiste de uma câmara difusora de gases com um tubo de teflon microporoso, com alta permeabilidade, preenchido com solução de Fluoral-P. A amostra de ar é bombeada continuamente ao longo do tubo externo e o formaldeído permeia a membrana do tubo interno, onde reage seletivamente com Fluoral-P para formar o DDL. Os parâmetros analíticos, vazão de amostragem, tempo de amostragem e vazão de Fluoral-P foram otimizados pelo método da superfície de resposta, usando o desenho Box-Behnken. Sob as condições otimizadas, amostras de ar foram bombeadas através do espaço anular da câmara de difusão gasosa que é equipada com um tubo central de teflon microporoso (17 cm comprimento, 1,4 mm d.i., 2,15 mm d.e., 70% de porosidade e 2 µm de diâmetro médio de poro) preenchido com Fluoral-P, à vazão de 2,5 L min -1 por 30 min. Após a amostragem, a mistura foi direcionada à vazão de 1,3 mL min -1 , para a bobina de reação de 2,0 m, imersa em um banho termostático a 80 ºC, para melhorar a mistura amostra/reagente e a velocidade de reação, chegando então ao detector fluorimétrico (λ ex = 410 nm λ em = 510 nm), onde o sinal foi adquirido, e registrado por um integrador. As alturas de pico foram medidas e esses valores foram usados na calibração e determinação. Sob estas condições, o limite de detecção foi 0,55 ng mL -1 e o coeficiente de variação foi 8,6%. A maior vantagem do FORMAL-FLU é sua seletividade para formaldeído, sem interferência significativa de bissulfito e de outros aldeídos, especialmente acetaldeído, e baixo nível de branco, resultando em baixo limite de detecção. FORMAL-FLU acopla a amostragem e a análise em um único equipamento, permitindo assim medidas in situ. This paper describes a sensitive and selective semi-continuous analyzer (FORMAL-FLU) for the fluorimetric determination of atmospheric formaldehyde. The method is based on the reaction between formaldehyde and Fluoral-P, producing the fluorescent derivative 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) which, when excited at 410 nm, fluoresces at 510 nm. This analyzer consists of a gas diffusion chamber with a central microporous Teflon tube, with high gas permeability, filled with Fluoral-P solution. The air sample is pumped continually along the external tube and formaldehyde permeates the internal tube membrane, where it reacts selectively with Fluoral-P to form DDL. The analytical parameters of air sampling flow rate, sampling time interval and Fluoral-P reagent flow rate were optimized by the response surface method, using the Box-Behnken design. Under optimal conditions, air samples were pumped through the annular space of a gas diffusion chamber equipped with a central tube of microporous Teflon (17 cm long, ...

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Sources and Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in South China

et al. 2017

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important intermediate in tropospheric photochemistry. However, study of its evolution characteristics under heavy pollution conditions in China is limited, especially for high temporal resolutions, making it difficult to analyze its sources and environmental impacts. In this study, ambient levels of HCHO were monitored using a proton‐transfer reaction mass spectrometer at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta of China. Continuous monitoring campaigns were conducted in the spring, summer, fall, and winter in 2016. The highest averaged HCHO concentrations were observed in autumn (5.1 ± 3.1 ppbv) and summer (5.0 ± 4.4 ppbv), followed by winter (4.2 ± 2.2 ppbv) and spring (3.4 ± 1.6 ppbv). The daily maximum of HCHO occurs in the early afternoon and shows good correlations with O3 and the secondary organic aerosol tracer during the day, revealing close relationships between ambient HCHO and secondary formations in Shenzhen, especially in summer and autumn. The daytime HCHO is estimated to be the major contributor to O3 formation and OH radical production, indicating that HCHO plays a key role in the urban atmospheric photochemical reactions. Anthropogenic secondary formation was calculated to be the dominant source of HCHO using a photochemical age‐based parameterization method, with an average proportion of 39%. The contributions of biogenic sources in summer (41%) and autumn (39%) are much higher than those in spring (26%) and winter (28%), while the contributions of anthropogenic primary sources in spring (20%) and winter (18%) are twice those in summer (9%) and autumn (9%).

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Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde associated with the use of natural gas as a fuel for light vehicles

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental and theorical study of the air quality in a suburban industrial-residential area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Experimental and theorical study of the air quality in a suburban industrial-residential area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A semi-continuous analyzer for the fluorimetric determination of atmospheric formaldehyde

Sources and Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in South China

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