Form IV of Carbamazepine

Lang, Meidong; Kampf, Jeffrey W.; Matzger, Adam J.

doi:10.1002/jps.10093

Cited by 183 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different polymorphic forms were described [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. Four anhydrous polymorphs were characterized: I, II, III, and IV, respectively identified as triclinic, trigonal, monoclinic, and monoclinic [77].…”

Section: Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly different polymorphic forms of carbamazepine, a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia, were discovered through classical crystallization methods and fully characterized from a physicochemical point of view [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. More recently, a crystal engineering design strategy has facilitated supramolecular synthesis of 13 new crystalline phases of carbamazepine [90].…”

Section: Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to poor and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response, that might be overcome through an appropriate formulation of the drug. Polymorphs (anhydrous and solvate/hydrate forms) may resolve these bioavailability problems, but they can be a challenge to ensure physicochemical stability for the entire shelf life of the drug product. Since clinical failures of polymorph drugs have not been uncommon, and some of them have been entirely unexpected, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has required preliminary and exhaustive screening studies to identify and characterize all the polymorph crystal forms for each drug. In the past, the polymorphism of many drugs was detected fortuitously or through manual time consuming methods; today, drug crystal engineering, in particular, combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, makes it possible to easily and exhaustively identify stable polymorphic and/or hydrate/dehydrate forms of poorly soluble drugs, in order to overcome bioavailability related problems or clinical failures. This review describes the concepts involved, provides examples of drugs characterized by poor solubility for which polymorphism has proven important, outlines the state-of-the-art technologies and discusses the pertinent regulations.

show abstract

Section: Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently the fourth form was grown using a polymer heteronucleus. 33 Details of the forms relevant to this paper are shown in table 1. 28 The two urea derivatives were included because they bear the same functional groups as the gelators themselves and hence might potentially interfere with gelation or be templated by the gelators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion-switchable supramolecular gels for controlling pharmaceutical crystal growth

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Gel media have been utilized for over a century for the growth of inorganic, organic and protein crystals. [1][2][3][4][5] The improved physical characteristics of the resulting crystals (better optical quality, larger size and fewer defects) are usually ascribed to the suppression of convection currents, sedimentation and nucleation afforded by the viscous gel environment. [6][7] In many instances the gel is thought to act as an inert matrix within which crystal growth occurs, however in some cases, the gel structure has been shown to influence the polymorphism, enantiomorphism and habit of crystals. 2 Occasionally gel fibres may become incorporated into the crystal, giving rise to composite materials. 8Conventional gels are formed using polymeric or clay-like materials such as gelatine, solubility were investigated to demonstrate their potential to act as crystallisation media for molecular organic compounds. Compounds 2, and 4 have been reported previously. [23][24] Novel compounds 1 and 3 were prepared by standard methods as detailed in the supplementary information. Gelators 1 -3 were chosen because they reliably form gels in a number of solvents ranging from aqueous systems to toluene. The fibrous nature of the gels is evidenced by SEM images of the dried xerogels ( Figure 1a,b). Compound 4 is a metallogelator which forms blue coloured gels with substoichiometric amounts of CuCl 2 in methanol:water. 23 Between them, these gelators can gel a range of solvents, at different temperatures (T gel ), and with a different critical gelator concentration (CGC). This class of compound has the potential to form the basis of a library of gelators which will allow the selection of gel properties and specific functionalities to match the compound and crystallisation conditions of interest. The synthetic versatility of these gelators could also in principle allow the incorporation of tailored heteronucleating functionality. While we focus upon bis(urea) compounds, the concepts outlined herein equally apply to any LMWG.Crystallisation experiments were undertaken using a range of organic compounds of both drug and non-drug species in parallel in both gel and solution media. We undertook an initial screen using candidate compounds 2-hydroxy benzyl alcohol (HBA, 5), Aspirin (ASP, 6), carbamazepine (CBZ, 7), 1-(3-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-urea (SPU, 8) and 1,3-bis(m-nitrophenyl)urea (NPU, 9). We then carried out a detailed study on CBZwith all gelators, and a follow up study on gelator ...

show abstract

“…Carbamazepine is known to have three polymorphs. However, a fourth polymorph [52] was discovered using polymer hetero-nucleation, which remarkably, proved to be more stable than the well-studied trigonal form [53].…”

Section: Capillary Growth Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Art of Synthesis of Desired Polymorphs: A Review

Tandon¹,

Tandon²,

Gupta³

2017

Asian J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymorphism plays an important role in drug solubility and availability. The study of the polymorphism of active pharmaceutical ingredients has become crucial for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review provides observations, synthetic methods and characterization techniques for polymorphs using the latest analytical techniques. The desired polymorph can be obtained by choosing the proper nucleation mechanism.

show abstract

Form IV of Carbamazepine

Cited by 183 publications

References 14 publications

Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Anion-switchable supramolecular gels for controlling pharmaceutical crystal growth

Art of Synthesis of Desired Polymorphs: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About