Form as a Visual Encounter: Using Eye Movement Studies for Design Reasoning

Speech analysis for conceptual CAD modeling using multi-modal interfaces: An investigation into Architects’ and Engineers’ speech preferences

“…Research has theorized that speech can be used effectively for descriptive tasks in the articulation of 3D form (Athavankar, 1999). Furthermore, restricted speech strings convey sufficient information about the form of the object (Varshney, 1998) and a few words are sufficient to capture the essence of products’ semantic content (Lenau and Boelskifte, 2005).…”

“…Investigation in the language verbalized by designers is indispensable, as words are an integral part of the design process in the early stages of design. Previous studies have largely employed protocol analysis techniques for studying the language employed by designers (Athavankar, 1999). Other studies have employed natural language processing techniques to study design communication (Dong, 2005).…”

Understanding Optimal School Experience: Contributions from Montessori Education

“…Montessori believed that movement could enhance cognition; and this fact has subsequently been supported by research on embodiment. For instance, studies have demonstrated that hand gestures can assist spatial reasoning (Athavankar, 1999), promote more accurate spatial problem solving (Schwartz & Black, 1999), and even interfere with efficient cognition when they operate at variance with the task at hand (Wexler, Kosslyn, & Berthoz, 1998). Montessori set out to educate the senses in early childhood education by using a variety of hands-on materials such as sound cylinders to match sounds, color tablets to discriminate subtle hues, and sandpaper tablets to feel gradations from rough to smooth.…”