Forgiveness of Self and Others and Emotional Empathy

Macaskill, Ann; Maltby, John; Day, Liza

doi:10.1080/00224540209603925

Cited by 200 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As expected, ANOVA analyses revealed that women had higher levels of empathy than men but that forgiveness did not differ by gender. This finding confirms findings of previous researchers that showed gender differences in empathy (Batson et al, 1996;Gault & Sabini, 2000;Lennon & Eisenberg, 1987;Macaskill et al, 2002;Schieman & Van Gundy, 2000) but not in forgiveness (Berry et al, 2001;Kalbfleisch, 1997;Macaskill et al, 2002;Worthington et al, 2000). The present results supported Hypothesis 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Berry, Worthington, Parrott, O'Connor, and Wade (2001) documented no significant gender differences in dispositional forgiveness. Macaskill et al (2002) also did not find any significant gender differences in the participant's forgiveness of oneself or others. Even when gender differences in forgiveness have emerged in the literature, they have been contextualized by other variables.…”

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Also, empirical researchers have found that gender differences in empathy commonly indicate that women have higher levels than do men (Batson et al, 1996;Gault & Sabini, 2000;Lennon & Eisenberg, 1987;Macaskill et al, 2002;Schieman & Van Gundy, 2000). Further, research indicates the possibility that these differences may be the result of motivation rather than ability (Klein & Hodges).…”

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Konstam, Chernoff, and Deveney (2001) showed relationships between forgiveness and both cognitive and emotional empathy. Macaskill, Maltby, and Day (2002) reported a relationship between empathy and forgiveness of others but not oneself. Farrow et al (2001) even showed common neurophysiological correlates of empathy and forgiveness.…”

Section: Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, Macaskill et al (2002) examined empathy and forgiveness of oneself and others in 324 British undergraduates. In that study, Macaskill et al showed that women were higher than men in levels of empathy but not in either type of forgiveness.…”

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Empathy and Forgiveness

Toussaint

Webb

2005

The Journal of Social Psychology

335

189

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Much research has shown that women are more empathic than men. Yet, women and men are equally forgiving. However, it is not clear whether empathy is more important to forgiveness for men or for women. The purpose of the present study was to examine gender differences in levels of empathy and forgiveness and the extent to which the association of empathy and forgiveness differed by gender. Participants were 127 community residents who completed self-report measures of empathy and forgiveness. The present results showed that women were more empathic than men, but no gender difference for forgiveness was apparent. However, the association between empathy and forgiveness did differ by gender. Empathy was associated with forgiveness in men-but not in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender Empathy and Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Empathy and Forgiveness

Toussaint

Webb

2005

The Journal of Social Psychology

335

189

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Perceived Parenting, Self‐Conscious Emotions, and Forgiveness in College Students

Wright

Turner

McCarty

2017

Counseling and Values

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The relations of parental warmth, self-conscious emotions, and forgiveness were investigated. University students completed self-report questionnaires online through the university-sponsored website. The questionnaires contained measures of five constructs: parental warmth, empathy, shame, self-forgiveness, and interpersonal forgiveness. From the results, the authors concluded that interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness were predicted by parental warmth, empathy, and shame. Empathy mediated the relation of parental warmth with interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Parental warmth and self-conscious emotions were important in the prediction of both interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness.

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Seeking revenge or seeking reconciliation? How concern for social‐image and felt shame helps explain responses in reciprocal intergroup conflict

Gausel

Leach

Mazziotta

et al. 2017

Euro J Social Psych

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In conflicts with reciprocal violence, individuals belong to a group that has been both perpetrator and victim. In a field experiment in Liberia, West Africa, we led participants (N = 146) to focus on their group as either perpetrator or victim in order to investigate its effect on orientation towards inter‐group reconciliation or revenge. Compared to a perpetrator focus, a victim focus led to slightly more revenge orientation and moderately less reconciliation orientation. The effect of the focus manipulation on revenge orientation was fully mediated, and reconciliation orientation partly mediated, by viewing the in‐group's social‐image as at risk. Independent of perpetrator or victim focus, shame (but not guilt) was a distinct explanation of moderately more reconciliation orientation. This is consistent with a growing body of work demonstrating the pro‐social potential of shame. Taken together, results suggest how groups in reciprocal conflict might be encouraged towards reconciliation and away from revenge by feeling shame for their wrongdoing and viewing their social‐image as less at risk. As victims and perpetrators are widely thought to have different orientations to inter‐group reconciliation and revenge, we suggest that work on reciprocal conflicts should account for the fact that people can belong to a group that has been both perpetrator and victim.

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Forgiveness of Self and Others and Emotional Empathy

Cited by 200 publications

References 8 publications

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Empathy and Forgiveness

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Empathy and Forgiveness

Perceived Parenting, Self‐Conscious Emotions, and Forgiveness in College Students

Seeking revenge or seeking reconciliation? How concern for social‐image and felt shame helps explain responses in reciprocal intergroup conflict

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