Forgiveness and Social Loneliness

Day, Liza; Maltby, John

doi:10.3200/jrlp.139.6.553

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Given the significance of the negative consequences of interpersonal transgressions for social and psychological well-being (Cano and O'Leary 2000;Day and Maltby 2005;Kendler et al 2003), it is important to understand how people of different ages respond to interpersonal transgressions in order to keep themselves from getting upset or to maintain goodwill in interpersonal relationships (Sorkin and Rook 2006). This might become increasingly important as people age, because well-being might more strongly depend on maintaining satisfying long-time social relationships versus initiating new social relationships (Carstensen et al 1999).…”

Section: A Motivational Perspective On Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Forgiveness in Younger, Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Age and Gender Matters

2011

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The present study investigated age and gender differences in forgiveness of real-life transgressions. Emerging and young, middle-aged, and older adults recalled the most recent and serious interpersonal transgression and then completed the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), which measured their avoidance, revenge, and benevolence motivation toward an offender and indicated to what extent they are generally concerned with the subject of forgiveness. The results revealed a trend among middle-aged adults to express more avoidance than younger adults. Moreover, young men had a greater motivation to seek revenge than middle-aged and older men. No such age differences were apparent for women. Additionally, forgiveness was a more manifest subject in everyday life for middle-aged adults and women. These findings emphasize the importance of age and gender when investigating forgiveness.

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Section: A Motivational Perspective On Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Forgiveness in Younger, Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Age and Gender Matters

2011

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“…Forgiveness can also convey the desire to re-establish interpersonal relationships and enhance positive interpersonal resources. In contrast, the tendency for one to refrain from forgiving another’s transgressions is associated with negative attributions and perceptions of relationships, withdrawal from social relationships, and emotional and social loneliness (Day & Maltby, 2005). These findings demonstrate the important function forgiveness has in reducing loneliness by promoting the pro-social cognitions, emotions, and behaviors which build relationship closeness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables chosen to be tested have been previously shown to be predictors of loneliness in other populations. Lonely individuals are more likely to be low on extraversion and high on neuroticism (Abdellaoui et al, 2018; Atak, 2009), have lower levels of emotional intelligence (EI) or emotional competence (EC) (Wols et al, 2015; Zou, 2014), have higher levels of anxiety and depression (Fung et al, 2017; Peerenboom et al, 2015), and a lower ability to forgive (Bishop et al, 2014; Day & Maltby, 2005). Situational predictors of loneliness include unemployment (Lauder et al, 2004; Yan et al, 2014), low education (Cohen-Mansfield & Parpura-Gill, 2007; Hector-Taylor & Adams, 1996), low income (Beutel et al, 2017; Cohen-Mansfield & Parpura-Gill, 2007), and marital status (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2001).…”

Section: Assumptions and Rationale For The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling multivariate associations with parental loneliness via perceived closeness and support

Hall¹,

Millear²,

Summers

2020

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Objectives: Recent research findings suggest the prevalence of loneliness is increasing in middle-aged adults parenting children, challenging the notion this demographic is typically at low risk of loneliness. Method: The current study applied the cognitive discrepancy model as theoretical foundation to investigate the variance of individual and situational variables contributing to perceived closeness and support and consequently loneliness. Structural equation modeling was employed to identify multivariate contributors associated with parental loneliness in 323 parents with an average age of 37.69 ( SD = 5.96) years. Results: Results support the theoretical proposition that individual factors, rather than situational, contribute to a greater variance of a perceived gap in relationship closeness and support. It was found that emotional competence, ability to forgive, emotional stability, extraversion, and lower mood levels are significant contributors to a small cognitive gap in perceived relationship closeness and protective against parental loneliness. Relationship status contributed a weak direct effect over perceived relationship closeness and support. Situational factors, including number of children and household income, were non-significant risks for loneliness. Overall, the model accounted for 65% of perceived relationship closeness and support and 85% of loneliness. The limitation of small number of male participants is discussed with regard to the existing research gap investigating male loneliness. Conclusion: A Pathway to Loneliness Risk Model is proposed, demonstrating that through increasing an individual’s intrapersonal and interpersonal resources and challenging negative cognitive biases and maladaptive schemas regarding an individual’s perception of their relationships, may lead to a reduction in the individual’s risk for loneliness.

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“…In particular, older male prisoners who are insecure in their relationship with God, feel lonely, and experience depressive affect also are less forgiving. This direct negative effect upon forgiveness may be explained by the context of imprisonment and the degree to which inmates cognitively perceive the seriousness of their transgressions (Day & Maltby, 2005). From a life-course perspective, criminal behavior contributes to a series of unanticipated life consequences, including arrest, imprisonment, and separation from everyday interaction or visitation with family, friends, and peers (London & Myers, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a life-course perspective, criminal behavior contributes to a series of unanticipated life consequences, including arrest, imprisonment, and separation from everyday interaction or visitation with family, friends, and peers (London & Myers, 2006). Confinement from close significant ties often contributes to increased feelings of loneliness as well as the perception that one is unable to seek forgiveness from others for committing a harmful act (Day & Maltby, 2005; Ingersoll-Dayton et al, 2010; Krause & Ingersoll-Dayton, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of Forgiveness to Enhance the Health Status of Older Male Prisoners Confronting Spiritual, Social, or Emotional Vulnerability

2012

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Participants in this study included 261 men, aged 45 and older, residing within state-managed correctional facilities in Oklahoma. Path analysis was used to examine an integrated mediation model. Spiritual ambivalence, loneliness, and depressive affect had direct negative associations with forgiveness, controlling for age, race, education, and type of crime. Forgiveness also maintained a direct positive association with perceived health status, whereas depressive affect maintained a direct negative association with perceived health status. In addition, a significant indirect effect of depressive affect on perceived health through forgiveness emerged. Overall, the model explained 38% of the variance in forgiveness and 23% in perceived health. Greater spiritual ambivalence, loneliness, and depressive affect diminish forgiveness among older male prisoners, yet higher levels of forgiveness, are associated with greater perceived health.

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Forgiveness and Social Loneliness

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Forgiveness in Younger, Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Age and Gender Matters

Forgiveness in Younger, Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Age and Gender Matters

Modeling multivariate associations with parental loneliness via perceived closeness and support

Consideration of Forgiveness to Enhance the Health Status of Older Male Prisoners Confronting Spiritual, Social, or Emotional Vulnerability

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