Forest products from Latin America : an almanac of the state of the knowledge and the state of the art

Maeglin, Robert R.

doi:10.2737/fpl-gtr-67

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Recent deforestation and habitat fragmentation resulting from the 1967 initiation of the single largest forest plantation in Latin America, an agro-forestry venture known as the Jari project [ 107 ] in northern Brazil could have contributed to an increase in A. marajoara abundance in this region. Clearing of forest, in combination with an increase in human and domestic animal host abundance, may have led to an A. marajoara population increase in Macapá, the capital of Amapá -state, in northeastern Amazonian Brazil [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage divergence detected in the malaria vector Anopheles marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Amazonian Brazil

McKeon

Lehr

Wilkerson

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundCryptic species complexes are common among anophelines. Previous phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mtDNA COI gene sequences detected paraphyly in the Neotropical malaria vector Anopheles marajoara. The "Folmer region" detects a single taxon using a 3% divergence threshold.MethodsTo test the paraphyletic hypothesis and examine the utility of the Folmer region, genealogical trees based on a concatenated (white + 3' COI sequences) dataset and pairwise differentiation of COI fragments were examined. The population structure and demographic history were based on partial COI sequences for 294 individuals from 14 localities in Amazonian Brazil. 109 individuals from 12 localities were sequenced for the nDNA white gene, and 57 individuals from 11 localities were sequenced for the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2).ResultsDistinct A. marajoara lineages were detected by combined genealogical analysis and were also supported among COI haplotypes using a median joining network and AMOVA, with time since divergence during the Pleistocene (<100,000 ya). COI sequences at the 3' end were more variable, demonstrating significant pairwise differentiation (3.82%) compared to the more moderate 2.92% detected by the Folmer region. Lineage 1 was present in all localities, whereas lineage 2 was restricted mainly to the west. Mismatch distributions for both lineages were bimodal, likely due to multiple colonization events and spatial expansion (~798 - 81,045 ya). There appears to be gene flow within, not between lineages, and a partial barrier was detected near Rio Jari in Amapá state, separating western and eastern populations. In contrast, both nDNA data sets (white gene sequences with or without the retention of the 4th intron, and ITS2 sequences and length) detected a single A. marajoara lineage.ConclusionsStrong support for combined data with significant differentiation detected in the COI and absent in the nDNA suggest that the divergence is recent, and detectable only by the faster evolving mtDNA. A within subgenus threshold of >2% may be more appropriate among sister taxa in cryptic anopheline complexes than the standard 3%. Differences in demographic history and climatic changes may have contributed to mtDNA lineage divergence in A. marajoara.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage divergence detected in the malaria vector Anopheles marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Amazonian Brazil

McKeon

Lehr

Wilkerson

et al. 2010

Malar J

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“…The wood is of good quality and is highly resistant, the tree is considered an important commercial timber source (MAEGLIN, 1991;ROCKWELL et al, 2007), distillates of its resin are used in perfumery (API, 2006), its balsam is utilized as an expectorant and for asthma treatment (ROBLES; OLIVEIRA; VILLALOBOS, 2000), and topically it is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of leishmaniasis (GACHET et al, 2010). M. balsamum was previously classified as endangered in Guatemala in the light of the extent of the occurrence of fragmentation (no more than five locations), with a continuous decline of: area of occupancy, area of habitat and number of locations or subpopulations (VIVERO et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND SCARIFICATION ON THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Myroxylon balsamum (L.) HARMS

et al. 2018

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-Myroxylon balsamum is a valuable tropical tree; besides the good quality of its timber it also provides valuable nontimber forest products: balsam and resin. High deforestation rates in the area of distribution and the unregulated extraction of its resin and wood have led M. balsamum to be endangered or threatened. Its regeneration through seeds has been poorly studied, and there are no reports of germination and plasticity under controlled conditions. We evaluated the effect of scarification (longitudinal cut of the fruit and embryo fully exposed) and environmental factors (different levels of light intensities and changing temperatures) on seed germination and the development of seedlings. From the aforementioned, M. balsamum seeds are orthodox and show physical dormancy. In view of these characteristics, M. balsamum can be managed efficiently to initiate conservation programs and restoration in degraded land.Keywords: Germinative capacity. Plant quality. Physical dormancy. EFEITO DA IRRADIÂNCIA, TEMPERATURA E ESCARIFIÇÃO NA CAPACIDADE GERMINATIVA E NO DESENVOLVIMIENTO DAS PLÃNTULAS DE Myroxylon balsamum (L.) HARMSRESUMO -Myroxylon balsamum é uma valiosa árvore tropical, com madeira de boa qualidade e que também fornece produtos não madeiráveis, como bálsamo e resina. As elevadas taxas de desmatamento em sua distribuição natural e a extração não regulamentada de sua resina e madeira têm levado esta espécie à ameaça de extinção. A regeneração desta espécie tem sido pouco estudada, não havendo registros sobre a germinação e plasticidade de sua semente sob condições controladas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito da escarificação (corte longitudinal do fruto, exposição do embrião, testemunha não escarificada) e de fatores ambientais (diferentes níveis de intensidades luminosas e de regimes de temperatura) na capacidade germinativa da semente e no desenvolvimento das plântulas. A semente de M. balsamum é ortodoxa e os tratamentos de escarificação promoveram sua germinação. Pode haver uma latência física. A informação derivada deste trabalho pode apoiar programas de conservação e de restauração com M. balsamum. Palavras-chave:Capacidade germinativa. Qualidade de planta. Dormência física.

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“…Andere Untersuchungen wiederum konnten keinen klaren Vorteil eines Kupferzusatzes belegen (Glassman und Miller 1984). Untersuchungen dentaler kupferhaltiger Zemente zeigten ebenfalls antimikrobielle Wirkungen, die jedoch teilweise im Laufe der Zeit abnahmen (Foley und Blackwell 2003a, 2003bKlaunick 1970;Maeglin 1953;Schmalz und Rotgans 1977). Hierbei wurde in erster Linie die gewesen (Burgers et al 2010a;Burmolle et al 2014;Maske et al 2016;Roder et al 2016;van der Waal et al 2016).…”

Section: Mikrobiologische Versucheunclassified

In-vitro-Untersuchung der antimikrobiellen und zytotoxischen Eigenschaften eines kupferhaltigen Zinkoxidphosphatzementes

Wassmann¹

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Forest products from Latin America : an almanac of the state of the knowledge and the state of the art

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Lineage divergence detected in the malaria vector Anopheles marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Amazonian Brazil

Lineage divergence detected in the malaria vector Anopheles marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Amazonian Brazil

EFFECT OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND SCARIFICATION ON THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Myroxylon balsamum (L.) HARMS

In-vitro-Untersuchung der antimikrobiellen und zytotoxischen Eigenschaften eines kupferhaltigen Zinkoxidphosphatzementes

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