Forest management and the Pine Processionary Moth

Buxton, R. D.

doi:10.1177/003072708301200106

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) is one of the most de structive insects of Pinus and Cedrus in the Middle East, North Africa and many south ern European countries, including Portugal. The urticant hairs of the late instar larvae provokes serious reactions in humans and other mammals (Lamy 1990, Oliveira et al 2003 but it is also responsible for significant economic damage due to severe defoliation (Buxton 1983, Devkota & Schmidt 1990, Kanat et al 2005 (1971) reported that T. pityocampa attack was responsible for an about 45% volume decrease over a 50 year period.The effect of insect action on trees can be studied using predictive models (Hogg 1999) which allow estimates of dendrometric va riables (e.g., height, volume, and biomass) and can be used for inventory techniques in production studies (Komiyama et al 2008, Sochackia et al 2007). However, the use of allometric models to estimate the impact of insects on forest dynamics is virtually un known.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal

Arnaldo¹,

Chacim²,

Lopes³

2010

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionThe most recent National Forest Inventory (AFN 2006), shows that forest represents 37.7% of the land use in Portugal, with P. pinaster covering 25.0% of that area. In northern Portugal, where this study was car ried out, forest represents 30.7% of the land use and P. pinaster stands cover 40.2% of this area. Young stands, which represent 30% of total pine stands, are extremely im portant nationally, not only because they re present the future of pine stands, but also be cause they have a high ecological and eco nomical importance. According to Oliveira (1999), shrub biomass should be removed 3 times before the 10-th years after plantation and the first thinning should be applied be fore the 15-th year, removing between 20% and 40% of the aboveground biomass. Based on results reported by Lopes (2005), young pine stands can produce an average of 15.8 ton ha -1 year -1 of arboreal biomass and 6.32 ton ha -1 year -1 of shrub biomass. If 20% of the main stand is removed after 15 years, a yield of 4.42 ton ha -1 year -1 is expected, re presenting high potential for biomass pro duction. This biomass can be sold at up to 30€ per ton (Neto 2008), a significant source of income for forest owners. Pinus biomass from adult stands is mainly used for furniture production, pulp production and biomass for energy among other possible applications.The pine processionary Moth, Thaumeto poea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff. -Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) is one of the most de structive insects of Pinus and Cedrus in the Middle East, North Africa and many south ern European countries, including Portugal. The urticant hairs of the late instar larvae provokes serious reactions in humans and other mammals (Lamy 1990, Oliveira et al. 2003 but it is also responsible for significant economic damage due to severe defoliation (Buxton 1983, Devkota & Schmidt 1990, Kanat et al. 2005 (1971) reported that T. pityocampa attack was responsible for an about 45% volume decrease over a 50 year period.The effect of insect action on trees can be studied using predictive models (Hogg 1999) which allow estimates of dendrometric va riables (e.g., height, volume, and biomass) and can be used for inventory techniques in production studies (Komiyama et al. 2008, Sochackia et al. 2007). However, the use of allometric models to estimate the impact of insects on forest dynamics is virtually un known.The aims of this paper are: (1) to present growth biomass models for different aboveground components (leaves, stem and total biomass) of young pine trees; and use them (2) to quantify the effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth on P. pinaster biomass increment. Material and Methods Study siteThe study was conducted in the Natural Park of Montesinho situated in Trás-osMontes, a mountainous region of north-east Portugal. The Park (area 74 800 ha) is si tuated in the "Terra Fria Transmontana" cli mate zone, characterized by hot and dry summers, cold winters (annual mean temper ature around 11 ºC) and precipitation f...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal

Arnaldo¹,

Chacim²,

Lopes³

2010

iForest

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“…As P. radiata is more susceptible to T. pityocampa than many other pine species [26], [27], [28], we assumed that the damage function described above would provide a conservative estimate of damage. The damage function (Equation 1) was applied to the Ecoclimatic Index results for each 10′ climate station cell in New Zealand to create a polygon fishnet dataset of P.radiata potential proportional growth reduction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26], [27], [28]. Through time, defoliation appears to cycle [29] and this may be due to an unknown factor that reduces larval survival on plants that have suffered repeated defoliation [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Climate Suitability, Spread Rates and Host-Impact When Estimating the Potential Costs of Invasive Pests

et al. 2013

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Biosecurity agencies need robust bioeconomic tools to help inform policy and allocate scarce management resources. They need to estimate the potential for each invasive alien species (IAS) to create negative impacts, so that relative and absolute comparisons can be made. Using pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa sensu lato) as an example, these needs were met by combining species niche modelling, dispersal modelling, host impact and economic modelling. Within its native range (the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent areas), T. pityocampa causes significant defoliation of pines and serious urticating injuries to humans. Such severe impacts overseas have fuelled concerns about its potential impacts, should it be introduced to New Zealand. A stochastic bioeconomic model was used to estimate the impact of PPM invasion in terms of pine production value lost due to a hypothetical invasion of New Zealand by T. pityocampa. The bioeconomic model combines a semi-mechanistic niche model to develop a climate-related damage function, a climate-related forest growth model, and a stochastic spread model to estimate the present value (PV) of an invasion. Simulated invasions indicate that Thaumetopoea pityocampa could reduce New Zealand’s merchantable and total pine stem volume production by 30%, reducing forest production by between NZ$1,550 M to NZ$2,560 M if left untreated. Where T. pityocampa is controlled using aerial application of an insecticide, projected losses in PV were reduced, but still significant (NZ$30 M to NZ$2,210 M). The PV estimates were more sensitive to the efficacy of the spray program than the potential rate of spread of the moth. Our novel bioeconomic method provides a refined means of estimating potential impacts of invasive alien species, taking into account climatic effects on asset values, the potential for pest impacts, and pest spread rates.

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“…Emergence may take up to a year, depending on climatic conditions. This insect is responsible for significant economic damage due to severe defoliation (Buxton, 1983;Devkota and Schmidt, 1990;Kanat et al, 2005;Arnaldo et al, 2010), while the urticant hairs of the late instar larvae provokes serious reactions in humans and other mammals (Lamy, 1990;Oliveira et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and forest plagues: the case of the pine

Arnaldo

Oliveira

Santos³

et al. 2011

For. syst.

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The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) is known as the most defoliating insect in Pinus and Cedrus in many countries. In the last three decades, climate change has led to a substantial expansion of its range and high attack rates in previously unaffected areas were observed. A 3-year analysis of the effect of several climatic elements on the T. pityocampa adult emergence was made and one climatic change scenario was tested in order to predict the insect's behaviour in the future. Results showed that mean air temperature was the climatic element with the best single regression fit to adult emergence, whereas minimum air temperature and relative humidity provided the best multiple regression fits. Results also demonstrated that higher emergence of adults is often related to a maximum temperature above 30°C, a mean temperature above 23°C, a minimum temperature above 17°C, relative humidity lower than 60% and precipitation values lower than 10 mm. Using the same thresholds for future climatic conditions simulated by the COSMO-CLM model, the period for pine processionary moth emergence will be expanded, starting much sooner. Contrasting with the actual emergence period, the insect is projected to have favorable climatic conditions to start emerging in May. This might have serious implications in forest ecosystems, concerning not only ecological issues, but also forest management.Key words: Thaumetopoea pityocampa; mean air temperature; relative humidity; simulation under climate changed scenarios. ResumenCambio climatico y plagas forestales: el caso de la procesionaria del pino en el noreste de Portugal La procesionaria del pino, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), es conocido en muchos países como el insecto más defoliador de Pinus y Cedrus. En las últimas tres décadas el cambio climático ha originado una considerable expansión de su rango de distribución y aumentado la proporción de ataques en áreas previamente no atacadas. Durante tres años fue realizada una monitorización de los efectos de diversos elementos climáticos sobre la emergencia de los adultos de T. pityocampa y un escenario de cambio climático fue testado con el fin de predecir el comportamiento de los insectos en el futuro. Los resultados revelan que la temperatura media del aire es el elemento climático que más contribuye en la regresión simple para explicar la emergencia de adultos, seguidos de la temperatura mí-nima del aire y la humedad relativa. Nuestros resultados también demostraron que el aumento de emergencia de adultos estaba a menudo relacionado con temperaturas máximas superiores a 30°C, temperatura media por encima de los 23°C, temperatura mínima por encima de 17°C, humedad relativa inferior al 60% y valores de precipitación inferiores a los 10 mm. Atendiendo a los resultados para eses umbrales climáticos y el modelo de CLM, el periodo de emergencia de la procesionaria de pino se extenderá, comenzando mucho antes. En contraste con el actual period...

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Forest management and the Pine Processionary Moth

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal

Effects of defoliation by the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa on biomass growth of young stands of Pinus pinaster in northern Portugal

Linking Climate Suitability, Spread Rates and Host-Impact When Estimating the Potential Costs of Invasive Pests

Climate change and forest plagues: the case of the pine

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